Chapter 4 Duel for North America Flashcards
Causes of the Duel for North America
-People were moving out of overcrowded VA to the Ohio Valley
-French wanted to uphold interest in Ohio Valley and Britain wanted the land
-The french were confining the British east of Appalachians.
-French worried British is going to cut connections between Canada and Louisiana
-British worried about access to land
Beginning of the French Indian War
-French construct Fort Duquene to protect the Ohio Valley land
-Robert Dinwiddie sends troops to fort to see what French are doing
-George Washington leads troops, but is defeated and captured, released on ransom
-Edward Braddock tries again a year later to destroy fort but was ambushed
-fighting started in colonies then went to Europe
Albany Plan of Union
-Britain couldn’t coordinate policies being so far away
-Colonists assemble Albany Congress to figure out how to defend themselves
-meet in middle colony
-only seven northern colonies were represented because they were closer to the line of attack
-ben Franklin came up with idea of unified government
-He wanted to collect taxes for defense and side with Iroquois
-colonists don’t want to pay taxes that don’t benefit them
-Franklin political cartoon join or die
English Advantages in French Indian War
-Superior Navy to blockade the French
-Have more people in the colonies
French Advantages in the French Indian War
-More natives side with french because or fur trade relations, intermarriage, and they don’t take their land
-they attack on the western frontier
William Pitt
-He rose to power in English government, bringing a major turning point in the war
-Wanted to take down French colonies to cut off raw materials and show off Navy
-he poured resources into North America
-sent fleet and 20,000 redcoats
-suggested crown pay for the expenses of the colonial troops gaining them 50,000 more soldiers
End of French Indian war
-French retreat to Canada where they are chased by British
-Defeat french in Plains of Abraham in Canada
-Capture Quebec
-year later capture Montreal
-Treaty of Paris of 1763 ends war
Consequences of the Treaty of Paris
-Military defeat causes Britain to become major power in North America
-Retain Canada
-Take Florida from Spanish for allying with France
-France give Spain Louisiana in return for losing Florida
-Britain controls all land east of the Mississippi River
Impact of the French Indian War on Natives
-natives fought with french and with them gone, they are vulnerable- no trade or military alliance
-Natives couldn’t pick a side to get better terms
-English stopped giving natives gun, powder, and lead that they used to give to fight the french
-leads to Pontiac’s Uprising
Pontiac’s Uprising
-Chief of Ottawa
-British raise price on goods they used to sell to the natives
-British don’t pay Natives for using their land
-Pontiac unites a few tribes and attack any British settlers going west of Appalachians, kill 2,000
-natives use guerrilla warfare
-British cover blankets in smallpox and give them to natives
-Proclamation of 1763- no settlers west of Appalachians-caused resentment btwn colonies and crown
Fallout of the 7 Years War
-Proclamation of 1763-restricted westward movement, making it harder to tax
-William Pitt, a supporter of colonies, left parliament
-enormous debt passed to colonists through taxation
Turning point in America
-colonial pride of victory
-2,000 served in military and spent 2 million pounds showing loyal partnership with GB
-GB had over 130 million pounds of debt
-King George III and George Grenville reassess the colonies, and decide they must pay share on taxes
Colonial Impressions
-learned GB fighting techniques by fighting alongside them
-British not invincible
-colonists referred to as Buckskin regulars
-officers didn’t treat colonists the same
-General Wolfe referred to them as the dirty cowardly dogs
-colonists wanted credit for the high risk of fighting
-Snuck food to Caribbean that the British were trying to starve-saw as treason
-British say they demand rights/privileges without duties/responsibilities-colonists didn’t fight until Pitt promised reimbursement
Inter colonial disunity
-enormous distance and geographical barriers
-different religion
-different nationalities
-different types of colonial gov
-boundary disputes
-different people (rich and poor)
Road to Revolution
-GB had to pay off war
-war in America expensive bc of space and wilderness
-Pitt’s spending focused on victory
-GB wanted hands on in colonies and were upset about smuggling
-Past currency, sugar, and quartering acts
