Chapter 1 Flashcards
Who found newfoundland
Humphry Gilbert from England. Died on journey so was unsucessful
Spanish Armada
-set up in response to Spanish sea dogs
-Spanish Navy
-falls to England and allows for England to become strongest Navy
Why did the English want a colony?
-Population growth led to overcrowded cities (slums)
-landowners were enclosing land putting small farmers in a bad situation
-primogeniture caused second born to flee to make it rich
-3Gs
Why did French want a colony?
-outposts were along the St. Lawrenceberg river
-There for Northwest passage, but found wealth in fur trade
-less violence with natives, because they needed them to hunt fur, and they intermarried
-converted Natives to Catholicism
Duthc want a colony
-settled in New Amsterdam
-wanted gold and profit off fur trade
-used slave trade
-set up merchant centers
-took more land from Natives, not tolerant unless they were hunting no intermarrage
Joint Stock Companies
-VA company of London invested in Jamestown
-Charter of VA Company- guaranteed the people coming over the same rights as englishmen
- became foundation of american liberty
John Smith
-took control of Jamestown
-“He who does not work does not eat”
-gets captured by Powhatan tribe and Pocahontas saves him
-dies during starving time
Lord de la Warr
-Led ships to Jamestown convincing the 60 settlers to stay
-previously fought the irish violently
-set up military republic against the natives
POwhatan COnfederacy
-Set up by Powhatan to stop colonists from stealing their food
-At first wanted to be allies to get horses and guns, but had to fight
anglo-POwhatan war
-Powhatan confederacy leads to war
-Pocahontas and John Rolfe get married to end the first war in a peace settlement
-resumes after colonists steal land and kill natives with dieseases
-Colonists want a war without peace, and force natives to sign treaty leaving ansestral Chesapeake land
Why do natives get killed?
- disposable
- disease
- disunity
John Rolfe
-father of tobacco
-married Pocahontas for peace agreement in anglo-powhatan war
-killed in native raid along with 347 settlers
Effect of tobacco in Jamestown
-brought colony wealth, but became economically dependent on it causing soil to deplete
-promotes plantation system
What was the new government in the New world?
-House of Burgesses (mini parliament) was the first elected assembly in New world
-proto democratic
-Had to answer to the VA company, and they usually appointed a governor who had veto power
-had to be white, male in order to serve
Maryland
-second plantation colony, and fourth overall set up by Lord Baltimore
-Safe Haven for Catholics, granted land by Charles 1
-bring over protestant laborers causing issues between them and catholics, leading to Christian toleration act
-Prosper off tobacco, use identured servants until replaced with slaves
West Indies
-while spanish are dealing with Dutch, England takes over Jamaica
-produce sugar which is more labor intensive and expensive to grow
-slaves make up 75% of the population
Slavery in the caribbean
-Barbados codes- slave codes used in caribbean that denied slaves human rights classifying them as property
-relied on mainland america to supply food whie they grew sugar
-codes got transferred when people moved to Carolinas
Oliver Cromwell
-Took over after Charles 1 is overthrown
-Puritan enforces crazy laws
-gets overthrown and decapitaded
- the reason people move to Carolinas
Charles 2
-takes over Cromwell and restores monarch during Reformation
-sends 8 people to watch over carolinas
-captured natives and sold them into slvery in the sugar islands
carolinas
-rice is important crop
-Charlestown is biggest sea port and aristocratic
-North Carolina known as squatters, and are looked down on for not being religious
-Vale of humility before two mountains of conceit is how norht sees themselves
-don’t like authority
-
Georgia
-buffer colony from Spanish
-only colony to get subsidies from England
-named after George 2
-produces silk and wine
-haven for wretched souls
-Savannah is melting pot of debtors, german lutherans, and scottish highlanders
-James Oglethorp is founder
james oglethorp
-founder of GA
-Had a friend who died in debtors jail
-Made GA a safe place for those in debt to go
Features of Plantation colonies
- Cash crop dominates the economy
- Focused on profitable crops
- Slavery is needed
- Most plantation owners are aristocratic
- Hard to establish schools and churches
- Permitted some religious toleration
- Soil butchery (depletion) was common, causing movement west
