Ch 9 Union Expanded and Challenged Flashcards
Oregon Trail/Manifest Destiny
-term came from John O’Sullivan
-people moved to Willamette Valley in Oregon
-traveled on horses and wagons in big groups
-good climate, rich soil, and wildlife
-Oregon Fever
-died bc natives, disease, starving
-Marcus Whitman and 12 others killed by natives
Oregon Treaty
-Oregon territory claimed to owned by Britain and the US
-Split soverignty
-Polk was an avid expansionist and chose a diplomatic approach despite some wanting war
-treaty signed and US gets most of Oregon
Issues with Mexico
-Settlers settled in Mexican owned California
-Mexico won independence from Spain and were politically unstable
-allowed Americans to settle Texas if they became Mexican citizens and converted to Catholicism
-Americans didn’t like the central government and fought for control of Texas until it became an independent nation
-General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna doesn’t agree and sends thousands of soldiers who kill rebels at the alamo
-Sam Houston captures Santa Anna in Battle of San Jacinto and forces them to leave Texas
Lone Star Republic
-Sam Houston was the first president
-wanted to be annexed by US but due to issues of slavery, they weren’t added right away
-John Tyler makes the treaty that adds them to the US as a slave state
Election of 1844
-democrat John Polk vs Whig Henry Clay
-Polk seen as dark horse because he was unheard of
-Polk wins because a third party candidate who was an abolitionist took votes away from Clay
-Polk signed Oregon Treaty
-Passed Walker Tariff which lowered tariffs angering northern manufacturers
Mexican War
-POlk tries to diplomatically get land around Rio Grande and CA from Mexico but they say no\
-Sends Zachary Taylor to border line and Mexicans shoot
-Polk goes to congress and congress declares war
-Whigs feel like Polk baited the war-controversial
-US has less soldiers but more weapons and better training
-Uprising in California leads to independence as the Bear Republic
-Polk got land easily and offered peace treaty, but Mexico wants war
-General Winfeild Scott led first land and water fight at Veracruz, making it to Mexico City and conquering there
-causes Mexico to want peace treaty
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
-ends war
-US pays 15 million dollars for AZ, NM, TX, CA, and NV
-Shows true intent of manifest destiny
-David Wilmont a congressman from PN tries to solve conflict of slavery in new territory
-sneaks in military appropriations bill to give money to military
-Adds amendment known as Wilmont Proviso which states no slavery in new land
-south not happy, Polk wants to extend Missouri compromise to make all of them slave states
Political Crisis of 1848
-Taylor a whig is elected
-deals with crisis based on how to organize territories with slavery
-the gold rush brought in enough people to apply for statehood
-CA and NM below MI Comp line but want to be free
-Taylor lets them enter as free states upsetting southerners who want influence
-throws of balance of power
Compromise of 1850
-Calhoun threatens SC to seceded
-Clay compromises
-CA free, UT and NM choose
-ends slavery in district of Columbia
-strengthened fugitive slave act
-commissioners brought in AA and court decided if they were slaves
-Commissioners paid more if they brought in more so not always fair
-Comp didn’t get passed because Taylor wasn’t a fan
-Died in office and Fillmore takes over and Comp passed
Aftermath of Compromise
-brought sectional harmony for a little
-CA tilts balance of power
-admission of OR and WA as free states makes south weaker
-Fugitive slave act unpopular in north- whites could be charged for helping runaway slaves
-Blacks don’t have judicial rights
-Uncle Tom’s Cabin written by Harriet Beecher Stowe published and sold largely to bring together abolitionists by showing how cruel slavery is
-From VA moved to Cinci
-wrote about trip to Ky with Uncle
Franklin Pierce
-democrat who won due to expansionist and slavery ideas
-made Gadsten purchase for transcontinental railroad
-Forced Japan to open trade by sending Commodore Matthew Perry with large battleships into their harbor
-attempted to buy Cuba and other land in central america from Spain
-Spain had sugar islands there and said no
-wanted land to back up his slavery ideas
death of Whig Party
-failure in election of 1852 split up the party
-The american party was known as the know nothing or nativist party
-Don’t like immigration of Irish and Germans out of fear of them stealing jobs
-Don’t like roman Catholics
-think they are native to the country when in reality they aren’t
-don’t last bc slavery was hotter issue than immigration
Kansas Nebraska Act
-started by Stephen Douglass who wanted KS and NE to be organized territories to build a transcontinental railroad through
-needed southern support so he abandoned MI comp
-Could choose whether to be free despite MI comp
-Pierce signs off act
-north upset
-forms Republican party out of ex whigs- support from north and west
bleeding Kansas
-NE wasn’t a threat to be a slave state
-KS shared border with MI so more likely to be slave state
-Supporters and abolitionists flood kansas to vote then moved back
-a lot of illegal Missourians made Kansas a slave state
-Lecompton Constitution legalized slavery in KS
-smaller abolitionist areas elected smaller constitutions outlawing slavery in certain areas
-pro slavery gunman shoot up Lawrence KS
-John Brown retaliates and kills 5 pro slavery
-newspaper call it bleeding KS
Election of 1856
-Democrat James Buchanon wins because south is unified while north is divided
-shows power of south and democratic party
