Ch 5 The Revolutions Flashcards
Charles Townshend
- the chancellor of the treasury becomes a dominant figure in Parliament
-wants to raise revenue and thought colonists were upset with stamp act because of taxation within borders
Townshend Acts
-puts duties on paper, lead, glass, and tea- good imported from british merchants
-taxes used to pay royal governors giving colonists less say on power
-tightens enforcement of British taxation- smugglers on trial and customs board set up
Letters from a farmer in Pennsylvania
-written by John Dickenson
-argues Parliament can regulate trade but can’t raise revenue
-opposers say that the tax is small
-if you have the right to levy a penny you have the right to levy a million on us
Sons of Liberty
-radical group set up to oppose British policies
-Sam Adams, Benedict Arnold, Paul Revere, John Hancock, Patrick Henry
-draft VA stamp act resolve stating colonists have right to larger measure of self gov
-Mob in Boston burns custom officer in effigy and burns governor’s house
-Sam Adams writes Massachusetts Circular letter to urge colonists to fight against Parliament.
-The Association of the Sons of Liberty in New York- pamphlet not to support tea act
-published names in papers so people wouldn’t trade- no employment of business action
effects of circular letter
-british ordered assemblies not to address letter
-governors of colonies who’s assemblies disscussed letter would be dissolved
-rallies to boycott- larger
-british merchants affected by boycott and side with colonists
-Parliament repeals townshend acts with exception of tea act
Boston Massacre
-Boston was spark
-merchants defied trade regulations and John Hancock’s smuggling ship seized
-2 reginment of soldiers sent
-take locals jobs, mobs attack them
-kill 5 wound 8
-Crispus atticks- first killed
-Sama adams uses as propaganda
-John Adams defends soldiers
Committee of Correspondance
-started by Sam Adams to coordinate protests against British
-wanted to spread to colonies
-Set up Boston Tea Party Protest
Boston Tea Party
-Boycotts affect BEIC
-Lord North allows BEIC to trade directly with colonies taking out middleman lowering price
-still have to pay taxes
-Sons of Liberty dress as Mohawk indians and dump 350 chests of tea into harbor
coercive acts
-boston harbor closes, only ships coming in bring soldiers
-hurts economy
-only one meeting in Boston per year
-reestablish quartering act
-Quebec act- no westward expanding
continental congress
-in Philly responding to coercive acts
-56 delegates show up- no GA
-Sam adams wants boycotts, john adams wants diplomacy
-Declaration of Rights and Grievances- problems with taxing no tax without rep
-Suffolk resolves- defy intolerable acts, boycott british goods, ready militia
-petition to King George asking for repeal
-set date for 2nd continental congress but wait for GB
republican values
-republicanism-government based on consent of governed
-most were monarchies
-British taxes made them want republic over monarchy
-small limited gov responsible to people not themselves
-common sense
-influenced by enlightenment and social contract- giving up liberties to gov who will uphold natural rights
thomas hobbs
-leviathon
-inherant evil social contract helps
John Locke
-Second Treatise on Government
-social contract so gov is a neutral party
loyalists
-anglican
-merchants didn’t want to break with Britain
-slaves had better shot of freedom
-minorities felt if they lost they’d have to answer to majorities
patriots
white protestants
-urban artisans- have to pay for british goods affected by taxes
-New Englanders, puritans, hate anglicans
-sons of liberty
-plantation owners/property holders
Lexington and Concord
-militia that britain doens’t conrol stores munition in Concord
-General Thomas Gage sends troops to destroy arsenal in Concord
-Paul Revere and William Dawes warn
-80 militia vs 700 redcoats
-british order militia to disperse, militia orders to fall back
-colonists accidentally shoots
-8 killed 10 wounded in min
-Redcoats face stronger militia in Concord
Fort Ticonderoga
-british fort overlooking boston harbor
-Ethan Allen and mountain green boys seize fort and get cannons forcing british out of boston harbor
continental congress and diplomacy
-need to trade
-trying to issue paper money, but value is limited, and worthless if they lose war
Olive branch petition
-Congresses last chance of peace
-want a permanent and happy solution
-George III reads and decides to deal with rebels by force
-Britain’s stubbornness causes more people to side with independence
Second Continental Congress
-decide united destiny for colonies
-creates Continental Army with Washington as leader
-Richard Henry Lee from VA wants free independent states- passes
-work on committee for Dec of Independence
-led by THomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin, and John Adams
-use social contract
-list of wrongs britain committed
Reactions to Declaration of Independence
-most celebrated
-questioned legality and good sense
-some religious and ethnic ties to britain
-Slaves saw hope or thought Britain was better
-Ethiopian unit- slaves for britain
-Continental army slaves freed
-natives with british to stop westward movement
Britain advantages
-strongest navy and stronger army
-George III has blood relations to Germans so they get Hessian soldiers
-loyalists in colonies
colonist challenges
-no navy
-continental army poorly supplied and paid
-lack of discipline
colonist advantages
-british supply chain is long and across ocean
-america is vast- homesoil
-washington was a good strategist- fight until war gets too expensive
-no decisive point to end war bc they aren’t united
