Ch 5 The Revolutions

Question 1

Charles Townshend

Answer 1

• the chancellor of the treasury becomes a dominant figure in Parliament
  -wants to raise revenue and thought colonists were upset with stamp act because of taxation within borders

Question 2

Townshend Acts

Answer 2

-puts duties on paper, lead, glass, and tea- good imported from british merchants
-taxes used to pay royal governors giving colonists less say on power
-tightens enforcement of British taxation- smugglers on trial and customs board set up

Question 3

Letters from a farmer in Pennsylvania

Answer 3

-written by John Dickenson
-argues Parliament can regulate trade but can’t raise revenue
-opposers say that the tax is small
-if you have the right to levy a penny you have the right to levy a million on us

Question 4

Sons of Liberty

Answer 4

-radical group set up to oppose British policies
-Sam Adams, Benedict Arnold, Paul Revere, John Hancock, Patrick Henry
-draft VA stamp act resolve stating colonists have right to larger measure of self gov
-Mob in Boston burns custom officer in effigy and burns governor’s house
-Sam Adams writes Massachusetts Circular letter to urge colonists to fight against Parliament.
-The Association of the Sons of Liberty in New York- pamphlet not to support tea act
-published names in papers so people wouldn’t trade- no employment of business action

Question 5

effects of circular letter

Answer 5

-british ordered assemblies not to address letter
-governors of colonies who’s assemblies disscussed letter would be dissolved
-rallies to boycott- larger
-british merchants affected by boycott and side with colonists
-Parliament repeals townshend acts with exception of tea act

Question 6

Boston Massacre

Answer 6

-Boston was spark
-merchants defied trade regulations and John Hancock’s smuggling ship seized
-2 reginment of soldiers sent
-take locals jobs, mobs attack them
-kill 5 wound 8
-Crispus atticks- first killed
-Sama adams uses as propaganda
-John Adams defends soldiers

Question 7

Committee of Correspondance

Answer 7

-started by Sam Adams to coordinate protests against British
-wanted to spread to colonies
-Set up Boston Tea Party Protest

Question 8

Boston Tea Party

Answer 8

-Boycotts affect BEIC
-Lord North allows BEIC to trade directly with colonies taking out middleman lowering price
-still have to pay taxes
-Sons of Liberty dress as Mohawk indians and dump 350 chests of tea into harbor

Question 9

coercive acts

Answer 9

-boston harbor closes, only ships coming in bring soldiers
-hurts economy
-only one meeting in Boston per year
-reestablish quartering act
-Quebec act- no westward expanding

Question 10

continental congress

Answer 10

-in Philly responding to coercive acts
-56 delegates show up- no GA
-Sam adams wants boycotts, john adams wants diplomacy
-Declaration of Rights and Grievances- problems with taxing no tax without rep
-Suffolk resolves- defy intolerable acts, boycott british goods, ready militia
-petition to King George asking for repeal
-set date for 2nd continental congress but wait for GB

Question 11

republican values

Answer 11

-republicanism-government based on consent of governed
-most were monarchies
-British taxes made them want republic over monarchy
-small limited gov responsible to people not themselves
-common sense
-influenced by enlightenment and social contract- giving up liberties to gov who will uphold natural rights

Question 12

thomas hobbs

Answer 12

-leviathon
-inherant evil social contract helps

Question 13

John Locke

Answer 13

-Second Treatise on Government
-social contract so gov is a neutral party

Question 14

loyalists

Answer 14

-anglican
-merchants didn’t want to break with Britain
-slaves had better shot of freedom
-minorities felt if they lost they’d have to answer to majorities

Question 15

patriots

Answer 15

white protestants
-urban artisans- have to pay for british goods affected by taxes
-New Englanders, puritans, hate anglicans
-sons of liberty
-plantation owners/property holders

Question 16

Lexington and Concord

Answer 16

-militia that britain doens’t conrol stores munition in Concord
-General Thomas Gage sends troops to destroy arsenal in Concord
-Paul Revere and William Dawes warn
-80 militia vs 700 redcoats
-british order militia to disperse, militia orders to fall back
-colonists accidentally shoots
-8 killed 10 wounded in min
-Redcoats face stronger militia in Concord

Question 17

Fort Ticonderoga

Answer 17

-british fort overlooking boston harbor
-Ethan Allen and mountain green boys seize fort and get cannons forcing british out of boston harbor

Question 18

continental congress and diplomacy

Answer 18

-need to trade
-trying to issue paper money, but value is limited, and worthless if they lose war

Question 19

Olive branch petition

Answer 19

-Congresses last chance of peace
-want a permanent and happy solution
-George III reads and decides to deal with rebels by force
-Britain’s stubbornness causes more people to side with independence

Question 20

Second Continental Congress

Answer 20

-decide united destiny for colonies
-creates Continental Army with Washington as leader
-Richard Henry Lee from VA wants free independent states- passes
-work on committee for Dec of Independence
-led by THomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin, and John Adams
-use social contract
-list of wrongs britain committed

Question 21

Reactions to Declaration of Independence

Answer 21

-most celebrated
-questioned legality and good sense
-some religious and ethnic ties to britain
-Slaves saw hope or thought Britain was better
-Ethiopian unit- slaves for britain
-Continental army slaves freed
-natives with british to stop westward movement

Question 22

Britain advantages

Answer 22

-strongest navy and stronger army
-George III has blood relations to Germans so they get Hessian soldiers
-loyalists in colonies

Question 23

colonist challenges

Answer 23

-no navy
-continental army poorly supplied and paid
-lack of discipline

Question 24

colonist advantages

Answer 24

-british supply chain is long and across ocean
-america is vast- homesoil
-washington was a good strategist- fight until war gets too expensive
-no decisive point to end war bc they aren’t united

Question 25

Bunker Hill

Answer 25

-right outside boston
-forced form position but killed 1,000 redcoats- hope
-limited ammo- don’t fire till you see whites in their eyes

Question 26

War in North

Answer 26

-british retreat from Boston
-Howe kicks washington out of NY, causing low morale and quitting
-Christmas Day- sail across Delaware to capture trenton, NJ surprising Hessians
-Fight in Princeton where they surrender giving patriots NJ
-Saratoga Campaign

Question 27

Saratoga Campaign

Answer 27

-section off parts of colonies and destroy rebellion in each part
-break lines btwn south and New England
-bad communication over ambitious generals
-Gen Burgoyne waits for Howe’s support in NY, but Howe gets Philadelphia
-Washington regroups and defeats Howe in Germantown
-Burgoyne, alone, gets defeated in wilderness near saratoga
-French join after victory

Question 28

Role of women

Answer 28

-sustain war effort by running farms and businesses
-worked as nurses
-hope ideals will improve status
-abigail adams-worte letter urging john adams to not put unlimited power to the husbands

Question 29

Henry Clinton

Answer 29

-New British general after Howe
-Has to reassess british strategy
-abandons philadelphia
-puts efforts towards south with more loyalists- gets Charlestown to surrender

Question 30

Baron von Steuben

Answer 30

-german general whips army into shape at valley forge where famine and cold disheartens troops

Question 31

Battle of Monmouth

Answer 31

-continental army holds their own no land lost or gained

Question 32

Yorktown

Answer 32

-General Cornwalis defeats and kills Nathanial Greene trying to gain back south
-takes remnants of army to Yorktown to rest and regroup
-washington brings troops down
-Comte de Rochambeau takes french troops down
-french fleets block escape route by sea
-siege yorktown, end war

Question 33

Treaty of Paris

Answer 33

-britain recognize independence
-retain canada but give land btwn appalachains and mississippi
-US recieve lucrative fishing rights in newfoundland and Novia Scotia
-US has to honor pre war debt to british merchants
-confiscated property from loyalists gets returned

Question 34

Benedict Arnold

Answer 34

-Doesn’t come from money
-denied money to live after he runs out as war goes on
-turns to british planning attack on west point
-was discovered

Question 35

revolutionary politics

Answer 35

-no policies of monarch or aristocracy
-elements of enlightenment
-god given right
-individual liberty
-Common Sense and Declaration of Independence to shape new gov