Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 306 > Chapter 4 Anatomy of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Anatomy of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 parts of the PERIPHERAL Nervous System

A

Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 2 parts of the AUTONOMIC Nervous System

A

Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The brain and the spinal cord

A

The Central Nervous System (CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. Consists of 2 somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.

A

The Peripheral Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Part of the PNS is the ________, which consists of the axons conveying messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles

A

Somatic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Another part in the PNS, is the ___________ which controls the heart, intestines, and other organs, it has some of its cell bodies within the brain and spinal cord and some in clusters along the sides of the spinal cord.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

means toward the back, in animals the top of the brain is the ______. Sensory nerves enter through here.

A

Dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

means towards the stomach, in animals the bottom of the brain is the _______ (on the stomach side). Carry Motor Information.

A

Ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the part of the CNS within the spinal column; it communicates with all the sense organs and muscles except those of the head.

A

Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

One of the first discoveries about functions of the nervous system, the entering dorsal roots (axon bundles) carries sensory information, and the exiting ventral roots carry motor information.

A

Bell-Magendie Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The cell bodies of the sensory neurons are in clusters of neurons outside the spinal cord referred to as ________.
In most cases, a neuron cluster outside the CNS is called ganglion and a cluster inside the CNS is call a nucleus.

A

Dorsal Root Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

• H-Shaped _____ in the center of the spinal cord is densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites. Many neurons of the spinal cord send axons from the _______to the brain or other parts of the spinal cord through the White Matter which consists mostly of myelinated axons that carries information from the gray matter to the brain or other areas of the spinal cord.

A

Gray Matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a network of nerves that prepare the organs for vigorous activity, consists of chains of ganglia just to the left and right of the spinal cords central regions. __________ axons prepare the organs for “flight or fight” increasing breathing and heart and decreasing digestive activity

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

facilitates vegetative, nonemergency responses. Does the exact opposite of the sympathetic nervous system, for example instead of increasing the heart rate the parasympathetic decreases it. Also known as the Craniosacral System because it consists of the cranial nerves and nerves from the sacra; spinal cord.

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the posterior part of the brain, consists of the medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum.

A

Hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The medulla and pons, the midbrain. And certain central structures of the forebrain constitute the _______

A

Brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is just above the spinal cord and can be regarded as an enlarged extension of the spinal cord into the skull. The _____ controls vital reflexes including breathing, heart rate, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and salivation

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lies anterior and ventral to the medulla; it contains nuclei for several cranial nerves. In the __, axons from each half of the brain cross to the opposite side of the spinal cord so that the left hemisphere controls the muscles of the right side of the cell body and the right hemisphere controls the left side.

A

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

has descending and ascending portions; the descending portion is one of several bran areas that control the motor areas of the spinal cord. The ascending portion sends output to much of the cerebral cortex.

A

Reticular Formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sends axons to much of the forebrain, modifying the brains readiness to respond to stimuli.

A

Raphe System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

a large hindbrain structure with many deep folds, known for its contribution to the control of movement and has been described as important for balance and coordination.

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the middle of the brain, although in adult mammals is dwarfed and surrounded by the forebrain

A

Midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The roof of the midbrain; vision; sensory integration.

A

Tectum

24
Q

The swelling on each side of the tectum, both are important for sensory processing- Vision

A

Superior Colliculus

25
Q

The swelling on each side of the tectum, both are important for sensory processing- Hearing

A

Inferior Colliculus

26
Q

under the tectum lies the _____, the intermediate level of the midbrain, it covers several other midbrain structures, although it is covered by the tectum.

A

Tegmentum

27
Q

gives rise to a dopamine-containing pathway that facilitates readiness for movement.

A

Substantia Nigra

28
Q

the most prominent part of the mammalian brain; it consists of two cerebral hemispheres on the left and one on the right. Each hemisphere is organized to receive sensory information, mostly from the contralateral side of the body and to control muscles, mostly on the contralateral side. Consists of the outer cortex and subcortical regions, outer portion is known as the cerebral cortex.

A

Forebrain

29
Q

a number of interlinked structures that form a border around the brainstem. These structures are particularly important for motivations and emotions such as eating, drinking, sexual activity, depression. Includes olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus of the cerebral cortex.

A

Limbic

30
Q

Relay Center; pair of structures in the center of the forebrain, located both in the right and left hemisphere, most sensory information goes first to the thalamus, which processes it and send output to the cerebral cortex.

A

Thalamus

31
Q

a small area near the base of the brain just ventral to the thalamus. It has widespread connections with the rest of the forebrain and the midbrain. Partly through nerves and partly through ___________hormones, the ________conveys messages to the pituitary gland altering its release of hormones

A

Hypothalamus

32
Q

is an endocrine (hormone-producing) gland attached to the base of the hypothalamus by a stalk that contains neurons, blood vessels, and connective tissue. In response to messages from the hypothalamus, the pituitary synthesizes hormone that the blood carries to organs through the body.

A

Pituitary Gland

33
Q

hormone producing gland; Descartes seat of the soul.

A

Pinel Gland

34
Q

o A group of subcortical structures lateral to the thalamus includes three major structures: the caudate, nucleus, the putamen, and the Globus . ______is critical for learning and remembering how to do something.

A

Basal Ganglia

35
Q

• Receives input from the hypothalamus and basal ganglia and sends axons that release acetylcholine to widespread areas in the cerebral cortex. The ________ is a key part of the brains system for arousal, wakefulness, and attention.

A

Nucleus Basalis

36
Q

is a large structure between the thalamus and the cerebral cortex, mostly toward the posterior of the forebrain. Plays a huge role in the storage of new memories

A

Hippocampus

37
Q

Associated with emotion and emotional memory

A

Amygdala

38
Q

a fluid-filled channel in the center of the spinal cord.

A

Central Canal

39
Q

four fluid-filled channel cavities within the brain.

A

Ventricles

40
Q

Cells called the choroid plexus inside the four ventricles produce _________, a clear fluid similar to blood plasma.

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

41
Q

consisting of the cellular layers on the outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres

A

Cerebral Cortex

42
Q

The cells of the cortex are also organized into _____ of cells perpendicular to the laminae. The cells with in a given column have similar properties to one another,

A

Columns

43
Q

o Located at the posterior end of the cortex it is the main target for VISUAL information. Contains primary Visual Cortex

A

The Occipital Lobe

44
Q

located between the occipital lobe and the central sulcus, one of the deepest grooves in the surface of the cortex.associated with body sensations

A

The Parietal Lobe

45
Q

(hearing, advanced visual processing)
The ______ is the lateral portion of each hemisphere near the temples; it is the primary cortical target for auditory information includes primary auditory cortex.

A

The Temporal Lobe

46
Q

(planning of movements, recent memory, some aspects of emotion)The _______ contains the primary motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex, extends from the central sulcus to the anterior limit of the brain.

A

The Frontal Lobe

47
Q

is specialized for the control of fine movements, such as moving one finger at a time.

A

Precentral Gyrus

48
Q

most anterior portion of the frontal lobe, in general the larger a species cerebral cortex the higher percentage of the _______it occupies.

A

Prefrontal Cortex

49
Q

surgical disconnection of the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain, many done by Walter Freeman during the late 1940s through early 1950s.

A

Prefrontal Lobotomy

50
Q

people with damaged prefrontal cortex have trouble with this, in which they see or hear something and then have to respond to it after a delay.

A

Delayed-Response task

51
Q

is the question of how the brain combines activity in different brain areas to produce unified perception and coordinated behavior. Binding requires identifying the location of an object and perceiving sight, sound, and other aspects of a stimulus as being simultaneous. When the sight and sound appear to come from the same location at the same time we bind them as a single experience.

A

The Binding Problem

52
Q

the narrow spaces between the brain and the thin _______, membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

53
Q

The medulla and pons, the midbrain, and certain central structures of the forebrain constitute the

A

Brainstem

54
Q

The thalamus and hypothalamus form the

A

Diencephalon

55
Q

Name the two parts of the Midbrain

A

Tectum and Tegmentum

56
Q

Name the parts of the Hindbrain (3)

A

pons, cerebellum, medulla

57
Q

name the parts of the forebrain (5)

Cant Breath Hating Hot Amygdala’s

A 
Cerebral Cortex
Basal ganglia
thalamus
hypothalamus
hippocampus 
amygdala

PSYC 306 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions