Chapter 13: Learning & Memory Flashcards
Pairing of two Stimuli changes the response to one of them
Classical Conditioning
an individuals response leads to a reinforce or punishment
Instrumental Conditioning (Operant Conditioning)
• Is any event that increases the future probability of the response.
Reinforcer
- Is an event that suppresses the frequency of the response.
* Ex. The rat receiving fruit loops or a shock.
Punishment
- The physical representation of what has been learned
* A connection between two brain areas would be a possible example.
Engram
• All parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex behaviors such as learning, and any part of the cortex can substitute for any other.
Equipotentiality
• The cortex works as a whole, and more cortex is better.
Mass Action
Events that have just occured
Short Term Memory
events from further back several types of evidence support this idea
Long-Term Memory
• Information initially entered a short-term storage, where it stays until the brain had time to consolidate it into long-term memory.
Consolidate
- Re-strengthening of a memory by a similar later experience.
- Epinephrine and Cortisol both enhance emotional memories by stimulating the amygdala and the hippocampus.
Reconsolidation
to refer to the way we store information while we are working with it.
o Ability to temporarily hold information for use
Working Memory
• Common test of working memory, which requires responding to something that you saw or heard a short while ago.
Delayed Response Task
the loss of memeory
Amnesia
Subject sees and object and must later chose the object that matches
Delayed Matching to Sample Tasks
Subject sees and object and must later choose the object that is different than the sample
Delayed Non-Matching to Sample Tasks
• Suffered 10 minor epileptic seizures per day and a major seizure about once a week.
• Surgeon suggested that removing the medial temporal lobe would relieve the epilepsy.
Surgery impaires his memory
H.M
• Inability to form memories for events that happened after brain damage.
Anterograde Amnesia
• Loss of memory for events that occurred before the brain damage.
Retrograde Amnesia
- Deliberate recall of information that one recognizes as a memory. Also known as declarative memory.
- Deliberate recall of information that one recognizes as a memory.
Explicit Memory
- An influence of experience on behavior, even if you do not recognize that influences.
- The influence of recent experience on behavior without realizing on is using memory.
Implicit Memory
• The development of motor skills and habits, is a special kind of implicit memory, you might not be able to describe a motor skill or habit in words.
Procedural Memory
o The hippocampus is not responsible for all memory
o Implicit learning or habit learning depends on the _____
o The ______learn to identify patterns in information
o “Weather task”- learning which combinations of symbols predict weather.
The Basil Ganglia
o Brain damage caused by prolonged thiamine deficiency.
o Severe thiamine deficiency occurs mostly in chronic alcoholics who go for weeks at a time on a diet of nothing but alcoholic beverage, lacking vitamins.
Karskoff’s Syndrome
