Ch. 15 Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia Flashcards
o People with this disorder feel sad and helpless everyday for weeks at a time.
o They have little energy, feel worthless, contemplate suicide, have trouble sleeping, cannot concentrate, find little please, and can hardly even imagine being happy again.
o Absence of happiness is a more reliable symptom
Major Depressive Disorder
Depression Occurs in . . .
Episodes
Have a high probability of other relatives with depression as well as relatives with anxiety disorders, attention-deficit disorder, alcohol or marijuana abuse, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bulimia, migraine headaches, and irritable bowel syndrome.
Early on-set Depression (BEFORE 30)
Have a high probability of relatives with circulatory problems.
Later on-set Depression (Especially after age 45 to 50
- 20% of women report to some degree experiencing this.
- Depression after giving birth
- Hormonal fluctuations are a contributing factor
Postpartum Depression
More people with depression have DECREASED activity in the ______ hemisphere and increased in the _____ prefrontal cortex
LEFT, RIGHT
Operate by blocking the transporter proteins that reabsorb serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine into the presynaptic neuron after their release.
Tricyclic
- Similar to tricyclic’s but specific to the neurotransmitter serotonin.
- For example, fluoxetine (trade name Prozac) blocks the reuptake of serotonin.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Such as duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor)
* They block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Block the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO), a presynaptic terminal enzyme that metabolizes catecholamines and serotonin into inactive forms.
Monoamine Oxide Inhibitors (MOI)
- Are a miscellaneous group – everything other than the types discussed.
- Ex. Bupropion (Wellbutrin), which inhibits reuptake of dopamine and to some extent norepinephrine but not serotonin.
Atypical Antidepressants
o Most people with depression have LOWER than average levels of a neurotrophin called _________that is important for synaptic plasticity, learning, and reduced proliferation of new neurons in the hippocampus.
Brain - Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
The drugs work better for _____, a long-term, almost life long condition of unhappy mood.
Dystthymia
Shock treatment for depression - Last Resort
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Vary between normality and one pole depression.
Unipolar Disorder
• Have milder manic phases, called hypomania characterized by agitation or anxiety.
o In addition to mood swings, most people with bipolar disorder have attention deficits, poor impulse control, and impairments of verbal memory.
Bipolar II Disorder
• Characterized by restless activity, excitement, laughter, self-confidence, rambling speech, and loss of inhibitions.
Mania
• People who have full blown episodes of Mania.
Bipolar I Disorder
Milder Manic Phases
Hypomania
- The first successful treatment for bipolar disorder and still the most common one.
- Stabilizes mood, preventing relapse into either mania or depression.
Lithium
Depression that recurs during a particular season, such as winter
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
The _______ James Tilly Mathews (1790’s)first description of paranoid schizophrenia (JTM)
Air Loom
Who came up with the Air Loom description? (JTM)
James Tilly Mathews
someone much have deteriorated in everyday functioning (work, interpersonal relations, self-care) for at least 6 months and must show at least two of the following that are not attributable to other disorders:
Schizophrenia
