Chapter 14: Cognitive Functions

Question 1

The left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex exchange information through a set of axons called the ________ and through the anterior commissure, the hippocampal commissure, and a couple of other small commissures.

Answer 1

Corpus Callosum

Question 2

Division of labor between the two hemispheres.

Answer 2

Lateralization

Question 3

What is visible at the moment

Answer 3

Visual Field

Question 4

Half of the axons from each eye cross to the opposite side of the brain at the _______ (Optic Cross)

Answer 4

Optic Chiasm

Question 5

A condition characterized by repeated episodes of excessive synchronized neural activity.

Answer 5

Epilepsy

Question 6

The point in the brain where the seizure begins.

Answer 6

Focus

Question 7

People who have undergone surgery to the corpus callosum

Answer 7

Split-Brain People

Question 8

revealed subtle behavioral differences from split-brain people. (Person)

Answer 8

Roger Sperry

Question 9

Is better at perceiving emotions in people’s gestures and tone of voice, such as happiness or sadness.

Answer 9

The Right Hemisphere

Question 10

section of the temporal cortex that is larger in the left hemisphere.

Answer 10

Planum Temporale

Question 11

• Connects the anterior parts of the cerebral cortex and the hippocampal commissure, which connects the left and right hippocampi.
• The extra development of commissures partly compensates for the lack of a corpus callosum.

Answer 11

Anterior Commissure

Question 12

Both humans and chimpanzees have this gene; it differs in two places resulting in proteins with different amino acids at two sites.

Answer 12

FOXP2

Question 13

If humans are specially adapted to learn language perhaps we are adapted to learn best during a _______early in life.

Answer 13

Sensitive Period

Question 14

People with brain damage suffer impaired language production, regardless of the exact location of damage.

Answer 14

Broca’s Aphasia

Question 15

Refers to a condition in which there is severe language impairment.

Answer 15

Aphasia

Question 16

characterized by poor language comprehension and impaired ability to remember names of objects.

Answer 16

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Question 17

The person can still speak smoothly

Answer 17

Fluent Aphasia

Question 18

difficulty recalling names of objects

Answer 18

Anomia

Question 19

A specific impairment of reading in someone with adequate vision, adequate motivation, and adequate overall cognitive skills.

Answer 19

Dyslexia

Question 20

what is the relationship between the mind and the brain?

Answer 20

Mind-Brain Problem

Question 21

The beliefs that mind and body are different kinds of substance that exist independently

Answer 21

Dualism

Question 22

The alternative of dualism; the belief that the universe consists of only one kind of substance.

Answer 22

Monism

Question 23

The view that everything that exists is material or physical.

Answer 23

Materialism

Question 24

The view that the only the mind really exists and that the physical world could not exist unless some mind were aware of it.

Answer 24

Mentalism

Question 25

The view that mental process and certain kinds of brain processes are the same thing, described in different terms.

Answer 25

Identity Position

Question 26

capable of reporting the presence of a stimulus.

Answer 26

Consiousness

Question 27

A brief visual stimulus is preceded and followed by longer interfering stimuli.

Answer 27

Masking

Question 28

The later stimulus is presented.

Answer 28

Backward Masking

Question 29

Shifts in perception are gradual sweeping from one side to another.

Answer 29

Binocular Rivalry

Question 30

Tendency to see something as moving back and fourth between positions when in fact it is alternately blinking on and off in those positions.

Answer 30

Phi Phenomenon

Question 31

• Also known as change blindness
• If something in a complex scene changed slowly or changed while you blink your eyes, you probably will not notice it unless you are paying attention it the particular item that changes.

Answer 31

Inattentioal Blindness

Question 32

The difficulty of ignoring words and saying the color of ink.

Answer 32

Stroop Effect

Question 33

A tendency to ignore the left side of the body or the left side of objects

Answer 33

Spatial Negelct