Chapter 14: Cognitive Functions Flashcards
The left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex exchange information through a set of axons called the ________ and through the anterior commissure, the hippocampal commissure, and a couple of other small commissures.
Corpus Callosum
Division of labor between the two hemispheres.
Lateralization
What is visible at the moment
Visual Field
Half of the axons from each eye cross to the opposite side of the brain at the _______ (Optic Cross)
Optic Chiasm
A condition characterized by repeated episodes of excessive synchronized neural activity.
Epilepsy
The point in the brain where the seizure begins.
Focus
People who have undergone surgery to the corpus callosum
Split-Brain People
revealed subtle behavioral differences from split-brain people. (Person)
Roger Sperry
Is better at perceiving emotions in people’s gestures and tone of voice, such as happiness or sadness.
The Right Hemisphere
section of the temporal cortex that is larger in the left hemisphere.
Planum Temporale
- Connects the anterior parts of the cerebral cortex and the hippocampal commissure, which connects the left and right hippocampi.
- The extra development of commissures partly compensates for the lack of a corpus callosum.
Anterior Commissure
Both humans and chimpanzees have this gene; it differs in two places resulting in proteins with different amino acids at two sites.
FOXP2
If humans are specially adapted to learn language perhaps we are adapted to learn best during a _______early in life.
Sensitive Period
People with brain damage suffer impaired language production, regardless of the exact location of damage.
Broca’s Aphasia
Refers to a condition in which there is severe language impairment.
Aphasia
characterized by poor language comprehension and impaired ability to remember names of objects.
Wernicke’s Aphasia
The person can still speak smoothly
Fluent Aphasia
difficulty recalling names of objects
Anomia
A specific impairment of reading in someone with adequate vision, adequate motivation, and adequate overall cognitive skills.
Dyslexia
what is the relationship between the mind and the brain?
Mind-Brain Problem
The beliefs that mind and body are different kinds of substance that exist independently
Dualism
The alternative of dualism; the belief that the universe consists of only one kind of substance.
Monism
The view that everything that exists is material or physical.
Materialism
The view that the only the mind really exists and that the physical world could not exist unless some mind were aware of it.
Mentalism
