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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bi-

A

two, twice, double

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2
Q

-cele

A

hernia, tumor, swelling

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3
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, painful

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4
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia, fibrous band

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5
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous tissue, fiber

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6
Q

-ia

A

abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium

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7
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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8
Q

kines/o

A

movement

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9
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

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10
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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11
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis, stroke

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12
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

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13
Q

tax/o

A

coordination, structure

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14
Q

ten/o

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

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15
Q

tend/o

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

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16
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

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17
Q

ton/o

A

stretching, tension

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18
Q

tri-

A

three

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19
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

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20
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

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21
Q

adhesion

A

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

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22
Q

ataxia

A

the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

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23
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

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24
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

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25
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement

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26
Q

carpel tunnel syndrome

A

inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpel tunnel, which then create pressure on the median nerve

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27
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

a debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical and mental activity

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28
Q

circumduction

A

the circular movement at the far end of a limb

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29
Q

contracture

A

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are placed with non-elastic fibrous tissues

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30
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

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31
Q

dyskinesia

A

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions

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32
Q

dystonia

A

a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

33
Q

electromyography

A

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

34
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the tissue surrounding the elbow

35
Q

ergonomics

A

the study of human factors that effect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

36
Q

exercise physiologist

A

a specialist who works under a physician’s supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

37
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of a fascia

38
Q

fibromyalgia

A

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, bone, or joint pain; and a wide range of other symptoms

39
Q

ganglion cyst

A

a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

40
Q

heel spur

A

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near it’s attachment to the heel bone

41
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

42
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

43
Q

hernia

A

the protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it

44
Q

hyperkinesia

A

abnormally increased motor function or activity; also known as hyperactivity

45
Q

hypotonia

A

a condition of diminished tone tone of the skeletal muscles

46
Q

impingement syndrome

A

inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space within the bones between the shoulder joint

47
Q

insertion

A

the point where a muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon

48
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

49
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system

50
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

a chronic autoimmune disease that effects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

51
Q

myocele

A

the herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

52
Q

myoclonus

A

The quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

53
Q

myofascial release

A

a specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fybromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restirctions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpel tunnel syndrome

54
Q

myolysis

A

the degeneration of muscle tissue

55
Q

myoparesis

A

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

56
Q

myorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of a muscle

57
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

58
Q

oblique

A

slanted or at an angle

59
Q

origin

A

the point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton

60
Q

paralysis

A

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle though disease or injury to its nerve supply

61
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

62
Q

physiatrist

A

a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

63
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running

64
Q

polymyositis

A

a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

65
Q

pronation

A

the act of rotating the arm or the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward

66
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities

67
Q

sarcopenia

A

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging

68
Q

shin splint

A

a painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone)

69
Q

singultus

A

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm; also known as hiccups

70
Q

sphincter

A

a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

71
Q

sprain

A

an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn

72
Q

tenodesis

A

the suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

73
Q

tenolysis

A

the release of a tendon from adhesions

74
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

the surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon

75
Q

tenosynovitis

A

the inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

76
Q

tenotomy

A

a surgical incision into a tendon

77
Q

torticollis

A

a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as wryneck

78
Q

transverse

A

in a crosswise direction

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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