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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

an/o

A

anus, ring

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2
Q

chol/e

A

bile or gall

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3
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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4
Q

col/o

A

colon, large intestine

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5
Q

colon/o

A

colon, large intestine

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6
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

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7
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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8
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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9
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach, belly

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10
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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11
Q

-lithiasis

A

presence of stones

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12
Q

-pepsia

A

digest, digestion

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13
Q

-phagia

A

eating, swallowing

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14
Q

proct/o

A

rectum, anus

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15
Q

rect/o

A

rectum, straight

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16
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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17
Q

aerophagia

A

the excessive swallowing of air from eating or drinking, and is common cause of gas in the stomach

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18
Q

anatomosis

A

a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures; plural, anatomoses

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19
Q

antiemetic

A

medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

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20
Q

aphthous ulcers

A

gray-white pits with a red border that appear in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers

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21
Q

ascites

A

an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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22
Q

bariatrics

A

the branch of medicine concerned with prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

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23
Q

borborygmus

A

the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

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24
Q

cachexia

A

a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

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25
Q

celiac disease

A

an inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to food containing gluten; also known as gluten intolerance

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26
Q

cheilosis

A

a disorder of the lips characterized by crack like sores at the corners of the mouth

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27
Q

cholangiography

A

a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium

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28
Q

cholangitis

A

an acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice

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29
Q

cholecystectomy

A

the surgical removal of the gallbladder

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30
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder usually associated with gall stones

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31
Q

choledocholithotomy

A

an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones

32
Q

cholelithiasis

A

the presence of galls tones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

33
Q

cirrhosis

A

a progressive, degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

34
Q

colonoscopy

A

the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon, from the rectum to the cecum

35
Q

colostomy

A

the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

36
Q

Chron’s disease

A

a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon

37
Q

dental prophylaxis

A

the professional leaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus

38
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon

39
Q

diverticulosis

A

the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon

40
Q

dyspepsia

A

pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion

41
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

42
Q

enema

A

the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

43
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens

44
Q

eructation

A

the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

45
Q

esophageal varices

A

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

46
Q

esaphagogastroduodenoscopy

A

an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract; this includes the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum

47
Q

gastroduodenostomy

A

the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum

48
Q

gastroesophageal relux disease

A

the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus; also known as GERD

49
Q

gastrostomy tube

A

the surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach

50
Q

hematemesis

A

the vomiting of blood

51
Q

Hemoccult test

A

a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools; also known as fecal occult blood test

52
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection

53
Q

herpes labialis

A

blisterlike sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters

54
Q

hiatal hernia

A

an anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm

55
Q

hyperemesis

A

extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

56
Q

ileus

A

the partial or complete blockage of the small intestine, large intestine, or both caused by the stopping of normal peristalsis

57
Q

inguinal hernia

A

the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

58
Q

jaundice

A

a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes caused by greater than normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood

59
Q

leukoplakia

A

an abnormal white precancerous lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek

60
Q

melena

A

the passage of black, tarry, and foul smelling stools that is caused by the presence of digested blood

61
Q

morbid obesity

A

the condition of weighing two or more times the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40; also known as severe obesity

62
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

the placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach

63
Q

obesity

A

an excessive accumulation of fat in the body

64
Q

palatoplasty

A

the surgical repair of a cleft palate or cleft lip

65
Q

peptic ulcers

A

sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system caused by the bacterium Heliobacter pylorior by medications, such as asprin, that irritate the mucous membranes

66
Q

peristalsis

A

a series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward in the digestive system

67
Q

polyp

A

a mushroom like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane; not all polyps are malignant

68
Q

proctologist

A

a physician who specializes in disorders of the anus, rectum, and colon

69
Q

regurgitation

A

the return of swallowed food into the mouth

70
Q

salmonellosis

A

an infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food contaminated with feces; also known as salmonella

71
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon

72
Q

stomatitis

A

an inflammtion of the mucosa of the mouth

73
Q

trismus

A

any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer

74
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

75
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of an intestine upon itself, causing an obstruction

76
Q

xerostomia

A

the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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