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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked, bent, stiff

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2
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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3
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

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4
Q

chondr/i

A

cartilage

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5
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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6
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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7
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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8
Q

-desis

A

to bind or tie together

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9
Q

kyph/o

A

bent or hump

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10
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback bent

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11
Q

-lysis

A

setting free or loosening

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12
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow, spinal cord

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13
Q

oss/e

A

bone

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14
Q

oss/i

A

bone

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15
Q

ost/o

A

bone

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16
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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17
Q

scoli/o

A

curved or bent

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18
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebrae, vertebral column, back bone

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19
Q

synov/i

A

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

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20
Q

synov/o

A

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

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21
Q

acetabulum

A

the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint; commonly known as the hip socket

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22
Q

allogenic

A

originating within another

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23
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

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24
Q

arhtrodesis

A

the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

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25
Q

arthrolysis

A

the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

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26
Q

arthroscopy

A

the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

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27
Q

autologous

A

originating within the individual

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28
Q

avascular necrosis

A

an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow

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29
Q

chondromalacia

A

the abnormal softening of cartilage

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30
Q

comminuted fracture

A

a fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

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31
Q

compression fracture

A

occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself

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32
Q

costrochondritits

A

an inflammation of the cartilage that connects the rib to the sternum

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33
Q

cranistenosis

A

a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures

34
Q

crepitation

A

the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

35
Q

dual x-ray absorptiometry

A

a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips that measures bone density

36
Q

gout

A

a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints

37
Q

hallux valgus

A

an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe; also known as a bunion

38
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood within a joint

39
Q

hemopoietic

A

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

40
Q

internal fixation

A

a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

41
Q

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

A

an autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

42
Q

kyphosis

A

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; also known as humpback or dowager’s hump

43
Q

laminectomy

A

the surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra

44
Q

lordosis

A

an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine; also known as swayback

45
Q

lumbago

A

pain in the lumbar region of the spine; also known as low back pain

46
Q

malleolus

A

the rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

47
Q

manubrium

A

the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

48
Q

metacarpals

A

the five bones that form the palms of the hand

49
Q

metatarsals

A

the bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached

50
Q

myeloma

A

a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow

51
Q

open fracture

A

a break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin; also known as a compound fracture

52
Q

otrhopedic surgeon

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing or treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles; also known as an orthopedist

53
Q

orthotic

A

a mechanical appliance such as a leg brace or splint that is specifically designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

54
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of a bone

55
Q

osteoarthritis

A

the type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging; also known as wear-and-tear arthritis

56
Q

osteochondroma

A

a benign bony projection covered with cartilage

57
Q

osteoclasis

A

the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

58
Q

osteomalacia

A

abnormal softening of bones in adults

59
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

60
Q

osteopenia

A

thinner than average bone density

61
Q

osteoporosis

A

a marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging

62
Q

osteoporotic hip fracture

A

a broken bone usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall

63
Q

osteorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing or wiring together of bones

64
Q

Paget’s disease

A

a disease of unknown origin that is characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation

65
Q

pathologic fracture

A

when a bone breaks under normal strain because the bone has been weakened by osteoprosis or by a disease process such as cancer

66
Q

percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

a minimally invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis related compression fractures of the spine

67
Q

periostitis

A

an inflammation of the periosteum

68
Q

podiatrist

A

a specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

69
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica

A

an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and his and thighs

70
Q

prosthesis

A

a substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated

71
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

72
Q

rickets

A

a deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by a defective bone growth and caused by a lack of Vitamin D

73
Q

scoliosis

A

an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

74
Q

spina bifida

A

a congenital effect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

75
Q

spiral fracture

A

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

76
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

77
Q

spondylosis

A

a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function; also known as spinal osteoarthritis

78
Q

subluxation

A

the partial displacement of a bone from it’s joint

79
Q

synovectomy

A

the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

80
Q

vertebrae

A

the bony structural units of the spinal column

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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