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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acr/o

A

extremities (hands and feet), top extreme point

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2
Q

adren/o

A

adrenal glands

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3
Q

cren/o

A

secrete

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4
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

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5
Q

glyc/o

A

glucose, sugar

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6
Q

gonad/o

A

gonad, sex glands

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7
Q

-ism

A

condition, state of

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8
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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9
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands

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10
Q

pineal/o

A

pineal gland

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11
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

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12
Q

poly-

A

many

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13
Q

somat/o

A

body

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14
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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15
Q

thyr/o

A

thyroid gland

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16
Q

acromegaly

A

a rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities (hands and feet) cause by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty

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17
Q

Addison’s disease

A

a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone

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18
Q

adrenalitis

A

inflammation of the adrenal glands

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19
Q

aldosteronism

A

an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone

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20
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

the hormone that helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys

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21
Q

calcitonin

A

a hormone that works with the parathyriod hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues

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22
Q

Conn’s syndrome

A

a disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone

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23
Q

cortisol

A

a hormone that has anti-inflammatory action; it also regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body

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24
Q

cretinism

A

a congenital form of hypothyroidism that, if not treated soon after birth, causes arrested physical and mental development

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25
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

a condition caused by the overproduction of cortisol by the body or by taking corticosteroids to treat inflammatory diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis; also known as hypercortisolism

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26
Q

diabetes insipudis

A

a condition caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH.

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27
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both

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28
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

injury to the eye that occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina of the eye

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29
Q

electrolytes

A

mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, normally found in the blood

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30
Q

epinephrine

A

a hormone that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or mental stress such as fear, also known as adrenaline

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31
Q

estrogen

A

a hormone with n important role in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle

32
Q

exophthalmos

A

an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit

33
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone

A

the hormone that stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova (eggs) in the ovaries of the female; in male it stimulates the production of sperm in the testicles

34
Q

fructosamine test

A

a blood test that measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks

35
Q

gestational diabetes mellitus

A

the form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies

36
Q

gigantism

A

abnormal growth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty

37
Q

glucagon

A

the hormone that increases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream by stimulation the liver to convert glycogen into glucose

38
Q

glucose

A

the basic form of energy used by the body; also known as blood sugar

39
Q

Grave’s disease

A

a disorder of unknown cause in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates it to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone, resulting in hyperthyroidism

40
Q

growth hormone

A

the hormone that regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissue

41
Q

gynecomastia

A

the condition of excessive mammary development in the male

42
Q

Hashimoto’s disease

A

an autoimmune disease in which the body’s own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland

43
Q

hypercalcemia

A

abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulation in the blood instead of being stored in the bones and the teeth

44
Q

hyperglycemia

A

an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood

45
Q

hyperinsulinism

A

a condition marked by excessive secretion of insulin in the blood stream

46
Q

hyperpituitarism

A

the excessive secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism

47
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

the overproduction of thyroid hormones, which causes an imbalance of metabolism

48
Q

hypoglycemia

A

an abnormally low concentration of glucose (sugar) in the blood

49
Q

hypothyroidism

A

a deficiency of thyroid secretion; also known as underactive thyroid

50
Q

insulin

A

the hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to the high levels of glucose in the blood stream; its function is to allow glucose to enter cells for energy or to stimulate the liver to convert glucose to glycogen for storage

51
Q

insulinoma

A

a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia

52
Q

ketosis

A

a normal metabolic process that helps the body utilize stored fat when other sources of energy are lacking

53
Q

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

A

a minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or more adrenal glands

54
Q

leptin

A

a protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite

55
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

the hormone that stimulates ovulation in the female and production of the female sex hormone progesterone; in the male it stimulates the secretion of testosterone

56
Q

myxedema

A

a severe form of adult hypothyroidism

57
Q

norepinephrine

A

a combination of a hormone and a neurohormone that plays an important role in the fight or flight response

58
Q

oxytocin

A

hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

59
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

60
Q

parathyroidectomy

A

the surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands

61
Q

pituitary adenoma

A

one of two types of slow growing benign tumors of the pituitary gland that may or may not cause excess hormone secretion

62
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

63
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive hunger

64
Q

ployuria

A

excessive urination

65
Q

prediabetes

A

a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes

66
Q

progesterone

A

this hormone, whose function is to complete the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy, is released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary

67
Q

prolactinoma

A

a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes the gland to produce too much prolactin

68
Q

puberty

A

the process of physical changes by which a child’s body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing

69
Q

radioactive iodine treatment

A

the oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells

70
Q

steroids

A

a large family of hormone like substances that share the same fat soluble chemical structure

71
Q

testosterone

A

a steroid hormone secreted by the testes and the adrenal cortex that stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics

72
Q

thymectomy

A

the surgical removal of the thymus gland

73
Q

thymitis

A

inflammation of the thymus gland

74
Q

thymosin

A

hormone secreted by the thymus gland that stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system

75
Q

thyroxine

A

one of the primary hormones secreted by the thyroid gland that regulate the rate of metabolism and effect the growth and rate of function of other body systems

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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