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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

caus/o

A

burning or burn

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2
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum or brain

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3
Q

concuss/o

A

shaken together or violently agitated

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4
Q

contus/o

A

bruise

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5
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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6
Q

-esthesia

A

sensation or feeling

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7
Q

esthet/o

A

feeling, nervous sensation, or sense of perception

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8
Q

-graphy

A

process of producing a picture or record

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9
Q

mening/o

A

meninges or membrane

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10
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord or bone marrow

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11
Q

neur/i

A

nerve or nerve tissue

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12
Q

neur/o

A

nerve or nerve tissue

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13
Q

phobia

A

abnormal fear

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14
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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15
Q

radicul/o

A

root or nerve root

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16
Q

-tropic

A

having an affinity for

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17
Q

acrophobia

A

an excessive fear of heights

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18
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language; it is the leading cause of dementia and is marked by progressive deterioration that affects memory and reasoning capabilities

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19
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles, resulting in complete paralysis and death; also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease

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20
Q

anesthetic

A

medication used to induce anesthesia

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21
Q

anesthetist

A

a medical professional who specialized in administering anesthesia but is not a physician

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22
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

a false perception of body appearance which leads to an intense fear of gaining weight and inability to maintain a healthy body weight

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23
Q

anxiety disorder

A

mental conditions characterized by excessive irrational dread of everyday situations or fear that is out of proportion to the real danger in a situation

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24
Q

autism

A

a subgroup of autistic spectrum disorders; children with autism have significant developmental delays including speech and language with most having very minimal verbal skills and lacking normal social relationships

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25
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis only on the affected side of the face

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26
Q

carotid ultrasonography

A

an ultrasound study of the carotid artery to detect plaque buildup in the artery to predict or diagnose an ischemic stroke

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27
Q

causalgia

A

persistent severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve

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28
Q

cerebral contusion

A

bruising of brain tissue as a result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the rigid bone of the skull

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29
Q

cerebral palsy

A

a condition characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects, and other neurological deficiencies

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30
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

damage to the brain that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted; also known as a stroke

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31
Q

cervical radiculopathy

A

nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region

32
Q

claustrophobia

A

an abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces

33
Q

cognition

A

the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory

34
Q

coma

A

a deep state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movement, no response to the painful stimulus, and the lack of speech

35
Q

concussion

A

a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain that may result in a temporary loss of awareness and function

36
Q

cranial hematoma

A

a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain

37
Q

delirium

A

an acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking and memory, agitations and hallucinations

38
Q

delirium tremons

A

a disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol

39
Q

delusion

A

a false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary

40
Q

dementia

A

a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgement, that is often accompanied by personality changes

41
Q

dura mater

A

the thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges

42
Q

dyslexia

A

a learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols; also known as a developmental reading disorder

43
Q

echoencephalography

A

the use of ultrasound imaging to create a detailed visual image of the brain for diagnostic purposes

44
Q

electroencephalography

A

the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp

45
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

46
Q

epidural anesthesia

A

regional anesthesia produced by injecting a local anesthetic into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine

47
Q

epilepsy

A

a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurring episodes of seizures of varying severities

48
Q

factitious disorder

A

a condition in which a person acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick

49
Q

Guillain-Barre’ syndrome

A

inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that may lead to temporary paralysis; also known as infectious polyneuritis

50
Q

hallucination

A

a sensory perception (sight, touch, sound, smell, or taste) experienced in the absence of an external stimulation

51
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures; also known as a bleed

52
Q

hydrocephalus

A

a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain

53
Q

hyperesthesia

A

a condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli

54
Q

ischemic stroke

A

a type of stroke that occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked by the narrowing or blockage of a carotid artery

55
Q

lethargy

A

a lower level of consciousness blocked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy

56
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord

57
Q

meningocele

A

the congenital herniation of the meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord through a defect in the skull or spinal column

58
Q

migraine headache

A

a headache that is characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head and is sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light or sound

59
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath, resulting in scarring of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves

60
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord; also inflammation of the bone marrow

61
Q

myelography

A

a radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture

62
Q

narcolepsy

A

a sleep disorder consisting of sudden and uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day

63
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of the neuron to the target receptor

64
Q

obsessive complusive disorder

A

an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent thoughts or impulses that are repetitive, intrusive, or distressing

65
Q

panic attack

A

an unexpected sudden experience of fear in the absence of danger, accompanied by physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, shortness of breath, chest tightness, diziness, sweating, nausea, feelings of unreality, and/or choking sensations

66
Q

paresthesia

A

a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet, but can still occur in other parts of the body

67
Q

Parkinsons’ disease

A

a chronic, degenerative central nervous system disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slow or shuffling gait caused by inadequate levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain

68
Q

peripheral neuropathy

A

a disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord, producing pain, the loss of sensation, and the ability to control muscles

69
Q

post traumatic stress disorder

A

a disorder that may develop after an event involving actual or threatened death or injury to the individual or someone else, during which the person felt intense fear, helplessness, or horror with symptoms including emotional numbing, hyperarousal, anxiety, sleep disorders, and persistent reliving of the event

70
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

a potentially serious or deadly disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion; sometimes follows a vital illness in which the child was treated with asprin

71
Q

schizophrenia

A

a psychotic disorder usually characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions and hallucinations, and accompanied in varying degrees by other emotional, behavioral, or intellectual disrubances

72
Q

sciatica

A

inflammation of the sciatica nerve

73
Q

seizure

A

a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts for a short time

74
Q

shaken baby syndrome

A

the results when a child has been violently shaken by someone; can cause brain injury, blindness, fractures, seizures, paralysis, and death

75
Q

syncope

A

the brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain; also known as fainting

76
Q

trigeminal neuralgia

A

a condition characterized by severe lighting like pain due to the inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve; affects the cheeks, lips, and gums on the side of the face innervated by the affected nerve

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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