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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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2
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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3
Q

anter/o

A

front or before

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4
Q

caud/o

A

tail or lower part of the body

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5
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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6
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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7
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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8
Q

end-

A

within, inside

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9
Q

endo-

A

within, inside

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10
Q

exo-

A

out of, outside, away from

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11
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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12
Q

-ologist

A

specialist

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13
Q

-ology

A

study or science of

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14
Q

path/o

A

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

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15
Q

-pathy

A

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

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16
Q

plas/i

A

formation, development, growth

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17
Q

plas/o

A

formation, development, growth

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18
Q

-plasia

A

formation, development, growth

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19
Q

poster/o

A

behind or toward the back

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20
Q

-stasis

A

control, maintenance of a constant level

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21
Q

-static

A

control, maintenance of a constant level

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22
Q

abdominal cavity

A

the body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion

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23
Q

adenectomy

A

the surgical removal of a gland

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24
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

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25
Q

adenoma

A

a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

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26
Q

adenomalacia

A

abnormal softening of a gland

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27
Q

adenosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of a gland

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28
Q

anaplasia

A

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

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29
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structure of the body

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30
Q

anomaly

A

a deviation from what is regarded as normal

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31
Q

anterior

A

situated in the front

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32
Q

aplasia

A

the defective development of congenital absence of an organ or tissue

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33
Q

bloodborne transmission

A

the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood

34
Q

caudal

A

toward the lower part of the body

35
Q

cephalic

A

toward the head

36
Q

chromosome

A

a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

37
Q

communicable disease

A

any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects

38
Q

congenital disorder

A

an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

39
Q

cytoplasm

A

the material located within the cell membrane that is not the nucleus

40
Q

distal

A

situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

41
Q

dorsal

A

back of the body or organ

42
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

43
Q

endemic

A

referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area

44
Q

endocrine glands

A

glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream

45
Q

epidemic

A

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

46
Q

epigastric region

A

the region located above the stomach

47
Q

etiology

A

the study of the cause of diseases

48
Q

exocrine glands

A

glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body

49
Q

functional disorder

A

produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

50
Q

genetic disorder

A

a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

51
Q

geriatrician

A

a physician who specializes in the care of older people

52
Q

hemophilia

A

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood clotting factor is missing

53
Q

histology

A

the microscopic study of the structure, composition and function of tissues

54
Q

homeostasis

A

the processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

55
Q

hyperplasia

A

the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

56
Q

hypertrophy

A

a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissue

57
Q

hypogastric region

A

the region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach

58
Q

hypoplasia

A

the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

59
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

unfavorable response due to the prescribed medical treatment

60
Q

idiopathic disorder

A

an illness without a known cause

61
Q

infectious disease

A

illness caused by a living pathogenic organism such as bacteria and viruses

62
Q

inguinal

A

relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin

63
Q

medial

A

the direction toward or nearer the midline

64
Q

mesentery

A

the fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

65
Q

midsagittal plane

A

the vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves

66
Q

nosocomial infection

A

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

67
Q

pandemic

A

a disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly world wide

68
Q

pelvic cavity

A

the space formed by the hip bones that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

69
Q

peritoneum

A

the multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

70
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

71
Q

phenylketonuria

A

a genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing

72
Q

physiology

A

the study of the function of the body structures

73
Q

posterior

A

situated in the back or on the back part of an organ

74
Q

proximal

A

situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure

75
Q

retroperitoneal

A

located behind the peritoneum

76
Q

stem cells

A

unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division

77
Q

thoracic cavity

A

the cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and lungs, also known as the chest cavity

78
Q

transverse plane

A

the horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions

79
Q

umblicus

A

the pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth

80
Q

vector-borne transmission

A

the spread of disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease

81
Q

ventral

A

refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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