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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anti-

A

against

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2
Q

carcin/o

A

cancerous

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3
Q

immun/o

A

immune, protection, safe

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4
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph, ;lymphatic tissue

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5
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node or gland

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6
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymphatic vessel

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7
Q

neo-

A

new or strange

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8
Q

ne/o

A

new or strange

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9
Q

-oma

A

tumor or neoplasm

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10
Q

onc/o

A

tumor

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11
Q

phag/o

A

eat or swallow

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12
Q

-plasm

A

formative material of cells

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13
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh or connective tissue

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14
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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15
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

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16
Q

tox/o

A

poison, poisonous

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17
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

the most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection

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18
Q

allergen

A

a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual

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19
Q

anaphylaxis

A

a severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the patient can die within a few minutes

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20
Q

antibiotics

A

a medication that is capable of inhibiting the growth of or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms

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21
Q

antibody

A

a disease fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen

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22
Q

antifungal

A

an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi

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23
Q

antigen

A

any substance that the body regards as foreign

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24
Q

antigen-antibody reaction

A

the binding of antigens to antibodies

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25
Q

autoimmune disorder

A

any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies to work against its own tissues, mistaking healthy cells, tissues, or organs for antigens

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26
Q

bacilli

A

rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria

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27
Q

bacteria

A

a group of one celled microscopic organisms, some of which are pathogenic

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28
Q

benign

A

not life threatening

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29
Q

candidiasis

A

an infection caused by yeast, a type of fungus

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30
Q

carcinoma

A

a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue

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31
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissue

32
Q

complement system

A

a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form; when needed, these cells compliment the ability of antibodies to ward of pathogens by combining with them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells

33
Q

cytokines

A

a group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells that act as intracellular signals to begin the immune response

34
Q

cytomegalovirus

A

a group of large herpes-type viruses found in most body fluids and most often causing an infection without signs or symptoms; can cause a serious illness when the individual has a weakened immune system or when passed from mother to unborn child

35
Q

cytotoxic drug

A

medication that kills or damages cells

36
Q

ductal carcinoma in situ

A

breast cancer at its earliest stage, before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct

37
Q

hemolytic

A

describes the function of destroying worn out erythrocytes (red blood cells) and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse

38
Q

herpes zoster

A

an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of the inflamed nerve

39
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

a malignancy of the lymphatic system that is distinguished from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma by the presence of large cancerous lymphocytes

40
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

a blood borne infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system

41
Q

immunoglobulins

A

bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response

42
Q

immunosupressant

A

a substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response

43
Q

immunotherapy

A

a treatment of disease by either stimulating or repressing the immune response

44
Q

infectious mononucleosis

A

an infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that is characterized by fever, sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes

45
Q

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

A

breast cancer that starts in the milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the surrounding fatty breast tissue; also known as invasive ductal carcinoma

46
Q

interferons

A

produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells; they activate the immune system, fight viruses, and signal other cells to increase their defenses

47
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes

48
Q

lymphangioma

A

a benign tumor formed by the abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system

49
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues

50
Q

lymphocytes

A

one of three types of cells that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells that act as specialized antibodies

51
Q

lymphoma

A

a general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues

52
Q

lymphoscintigraphy

A

a diagnostic test to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels

53
Q

macrophage

A

a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells

54
Q

malaria

A

a disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected masquito

55
Q

malignant

A

becoming progressively worse and life threatening

56
Q

mammography

A

a radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells

57
Q

metastasis

A

the process by which cancer is spread to a new site; may refer to the tumor itself

58
Q

metastasize

A

to spread from one place to another

59
Q

myoma

A

a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue

60
Q

myosarcoma

A

a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue

61
Q

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

the therm used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma

62
Q

oppurtunistic infection

A

cased by a pathogen that normally does not cause illness in healthy humans, but is able to cause an infection in a weakened host

63
Q

osteosarcoma

A

a hard-tissue sarcoma usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis, or the knees

64
Q

parasite

A

a plant or an animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism

65
Q

rabies

A

an acute viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite or saliva of an infected animal

66
Q

rickettsia

A

small bacteria that live in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites that transmit infection to humans

67
Q

rubella

A

a viral infection characterized by a low grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash; also known as German measles or 3-day measles

68
Q

sarcoma

A

a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue; plural sarcomas or sarcomata

69
Q

spirochetes

A

long, slender, spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement

70
Q

splenomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the spleen

71
Q

staphylococci

A

group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes

72
Q

streptococci

A

bacteria that form a chain

73
Q

systemic reaction

A

a severe reaction to an allergen; also described as anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock

74
Q

teletherapy

A

radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body that is precisely targeted with the use of three dimensional computer imaging

75
Q

toxoplasmosis

A

a parasite that is most commonly transmitted from pets to humans though contact with contaminated animal feces

76
Q

varicella

A

a highly contagious disease caused by a herpes virus characterized by a fever and rash; also known as chicken pox

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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