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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

angi/o

A

blood or lymph vessel

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2
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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3
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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4
Q

ather/o

A

plaque or fatty substance

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5
Q

brady-

A

slow

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6
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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7
Q

-crasia

A

a mixture or blending

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8
Q

-emia

A

blood or blood condition

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9
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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10
Q

hem/o

A

blood, relating to the blood

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11
Q

hemat/o

A

blood, relating to the blood

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12
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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13
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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14
Q

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

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15
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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16
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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17
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension

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18
Q

anemia

A

a lower than normal number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood

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19
Q

aneurysm

A

a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

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20
Q

angina

A

a condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

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21
Q

angioplasty

A

the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel

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22
Q

anticoagulant

A

medication that slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

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23
Q

aplastic anemia

A

a condition characterized by the absence of all formed blood elements by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

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24
Q

arrhythmia

A

the loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

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25
Q

atherectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior lining of an artery

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26
Q

atheroma

A

a deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall

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27
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a build up of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries

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28
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

when the normal rythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall

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29
Q

automated external defibrillator

A

electronic equipment that automatically samples the heart’s electrical rhythms and when necessary, externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm

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30
Q

beta-blocker

A

a medication that reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat

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31
Q

blood dyscrasia

A

any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood

32
Q

bradycardia

A

an abnormally slow resting heart rate

33
Q

cardiac arrest

A

an event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively

34
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

a diagnostic and treatment procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or an artery and is guided into the heart

35
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

the term used to describe all the diseases of the heart muscle

36
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery

37
Q

cholesterol

A

a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body

38
Q

chronic venous insufficiency

A

a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves

39
Q

coronary artery disease

A

atheroslcerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to the heart muscle

40
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

41
Q

defibrillation

A

the use of electrical shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm; also known as cardioversion

42
Q

diuretic

A

medication administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water

43
Q

electrocardiogram

A

a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

44
Q

embolism

A

the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

45
Q

embolus

A

a foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantitiy of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor, that is circulating in the blood

46
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

47
Q

erythrocytes

A

mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow

48
Q

hemoglobin

A

the oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes

49
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

a condition of an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of these cells by the spleen

50
Q

hemostasis

A

to stop or control bleeding

51
Q

leukemia

A

a type of cancer characterized by an progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes (white blood cells) found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood

52
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells that are involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances

53
Q

leukopenia

A

a decrease in the number of disease fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood

54
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which red blood cells are larger than normal

55
Q

myelodysplastic syndrome

A

a type of cancer in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow

56
Q

myocardial infarction

A

the occlusion (blockage) of one or more arteries caused by plaque buildup; commonly known as a heart attack

57
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up; also known as postural hypotension

58
Q

pericardium

A

the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

59
Q

pernicious anemia

A

a form of anemia caused by the lack of the protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12, which is necessary for the formation of red blood cells

60
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

61
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

a peripheral arterial inclusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress

62
Q

sepsis

A

a potentially life threatening infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering the bloodstream

63
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape that interferes with normal blood flow

64
Q

tachycardia

A

an abnormally rapid resting heart rate

65
Q

temporal arteritis

A

a form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, viusal impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms

66
Q

thallium stress test

A

a diagnostic test performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise

67
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

a condition n which there is an abnormally smaller number of platelets circulating in the blood

68
Q

thrombolytic

A

medication that dissolves or cause a thrombus to break up; also known as clot-busting drug

69
Q

thrombosis

A

the abnormal condition of having a thrombus

70
Q

thrombotic occlusion

A

the blocking of an artery by a thrombus

71
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or an artery

72
Q

transfusion reaction

A

a serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match

73
Q

valvulitis

A

inflammation of a heart valve

74
Q

veriose veins

A

abnormally swollen veins usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs

75
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

the rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles

76
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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