Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is a common concern of raising a child gender neutral
is that they’ll be confused about their gender identity later in life
- These aren’t warranted
What are the major theoretical approaches to gender development?
Social learning theories: emphasizes how external factors shape children’s gender development
Cognitive theories: emphasize how children’s growing cognitive abilities lead them to develop gender
Sex typing is
the processes by which individuals acquire gendered behaviours patterns
True of false: Girls with older sisters and boys with older brothers display the most traditional sex-typical behaviours
True
Children with no siblings are somewhere are in the middle
At age _____ Children begin to show preference for friends of their own sex
3
Girls who spend more time with girls showed more expressions of what
sadness
Boys who spend more time with boys showed more expressions of what
Anger
In children books published from 1900 to 2000 what percent of main characters were male and what were female
male: 57%
female: 32%
Children develop gender identity at around what age
2-3
Gender stability ….
usually occurs around age 4-5 and is signified by an understanding that sex remains constant across time
Gender constancy is the
recognition that sex is fixed and does not change as external or superficial features. occurs around 6 or 7
Gender schema theory is
a mental model about gender, based on prior learning and experience that guides how people interpret, process, and remember new-relevant information
Gender schematic is
having a tendency to use gender as a salient schema for understanding the world
Gender aschematic is
lacking the tendency to use gender as a salient schema for understand the world
Gender identity emerges from
a comparison of self to others
Eary maturing boys experience heightened risk for….
antisocial behaviours
Mood disturbances
early sexual activity
Hegemonic masculinity refers to
a culturally idealized and exaggerated version of manhood that consists of competition, aggression, success and the avoidance of femininity
Precarious manhood hypothesis is
manhood relative to womanhood is widely conceptualized as a social status that is hard to earn and easy to lose
What is the degendering theory?
gender becomes a less central aspect of the self as people grow older. However one 20 year study showed that the opposite is true for women
True or false: A women who loses a spouse due to divorce or widowhood has a higher likelihood than a man of depressions and death
False, men do
What is the double standard of aging?
The idea that women’s social value declines with age as their beauty and sexual appeal fade while men’s value increases with age as their life experience and social status increase.
Early maturing girls tend to…
Have more negative body image, perhaps bc puberty involves an increase and redistribution of body fat as well as boobs grow and hips widen. Also relates to depression, anxiety, eating disorders, drug abuse, sexually activity, etc.
Motherhood mandate
The societal expectation that women should have children and invest significant time and energy in raising them.
