chapter 4 Flashcards
what is socialization?
lifelong process where individuals learn to function as a member of society & achieve a distinct sense of self
what is social reproduction?
what is makes it possible?
passing on rules and beliefs from one generation to another
Socialization
what are the agents of socialization ?
Primary socialization: socialization from new born to early childhood
Secondary socialization: socialization from early child and through adult life
Family, mass media, work & school
what is agents of socialization?
when important processes of socialization happen among a group
what is resocialization?
when people learn new norms and rules when joining a new social world
anticipatory socialization
when you learn about a social role before being apart of it
peer group
a friendship group with people of the same age and social status
who wrote the book “Gender Play” what does it mean?
Barrie Thorne & when children learn what it means to be male or female
what are social roles?
the social expectations and behavior that come with your social status
what is master status?
a status that overpowers all your other ones(the main thing your recognized for)
what are the five stages of a life course?
childhood:from birth to around 12 years old
teenager: from 13-18
young adulthood: early 20s to around the mid-30s
midlife: mid-30s to around age 65.
later life: 65 and continues until the end of life
what was George Herbert Mead’s theory of child development and what did he mainly focus on?
He focused on regular social interactionalism
he argued that a Childs sense of self emerges in three stages:
Preparatory stage (birth-3yrs old)
think Imitation
Play stage (3-5yrs old)
taking the role of the other
Game stage (6-9yrs old)
develop self consciousness
what was Charles Horton Cooley’s theory of child development and what did he mainly focus on?
what Cooley’s looking glass self theory?
He focused on individuals shaping a Childs sense of self
he believes children have “Looking glass self” stages
the reactions we get interactions create a mirror where we see ourselves through other peoples eyes
A person has an. initial sense of self
A person receives feedback in small group interactions
A person then has revised sense of self as a result of the feed back they received in interactions
what was Jean Piaget’s theory of child development and what did he mainly focus on?
what are his 4 distinct cognitive stages?
He believed cognition is the basis for formal Development and socialization
Stages:
sensorimotor stage Birth to 2yrs old
the ability to recognize an object exist even when its hidden
Preoperational stage 2 to 7yrs old
no longer egocentric and master language and words yo represent objects and images
Concrete operational stages 7 to 11yrs old
logic abstract and conversation
Formal operational stage 11 to 15yrs old
able to handle hypothetical situations and abstract concepts
what was S. Freud and N. Chodorow’s theory of child development and what did he mainly focus on?
They focused on how children learn about gender differences and develop gender Identity
according to G. H. Mead what is social self?
it is the basis of self-consciousness in people, the idea that the sense of who we are is shaped by our interactions with others and the social world around us
according to G. H. Mead what is generalized other?
understanding the basic rules and values of the group or society during the socialization process
what was Freuds theory of gender identity?
what was Chodorows?
freud: learning gender differences in infants and young children, who has a penis or not
chodorows: learning to feel male or female comes from the infants attachment to the parents from young
what is the study of daily life and why is it done?
Microsociology: focuses on studying small-scale interactions and social dynamics within specific interactions
its important to understand people
what is dramatergical approach and its purpose, what was he trying to figure out? Goffman
it is perspective in sociology developed by Erving Goffman that views social interactions as similar to performances on a stage
he was trying to understand how individuals present themselves in social interactions and how they manage the impressions they give to others
what is nonverbal communication and how do we analyze it?
socializing without speaking, facial expressions, gestures and body language and we analyze it by paying attention to these things 93% of communication is non verbal
what did Ekman use for describing body language and expressions?
FACS: facial action coding system, used for analyzing and categorizing facial expressions
what are the 7 micro expressions ?
happiness, anger, contempt, disbelief, fear, disgust, and sadness
what are response cries?
things we say instantly when we make a mistake or surprised like oops
what is impression management & performances and who made it up
individuals control or manipulate the impressions they give to others.
people believe that they are fragile in social interactions (goffman)
what are the 2 types of audience segregation?
front stage: presentable
back stage: regular behind the scenes
what did the field of study goffman created focus on? who also wanted to study micro level control of social order through common sense learned in social interactions?
his theory focuses on the analysis of face-to-face interactions and social behaviors in everyday life and he believed that other sociologists should worry too
garkinfiel
what is ethnomethodology? who developed it and what where the intentions of it?
it is a process that tries to make people prove they are aware of the common sense rules of society
created by Harold garkinfield
he wanted to highlight the importance of studying the background expectancies to understand the way people use context to understand the world
what is conversation analysis and who used this technique in the book?
looking at conversations closely to understand what they really mean.
used by garkinfields students(did it to understand street interchanges)
what is interactional vandalism?
it is about intentionally disrupting the flow or expectations of a conversation. (breaking boundaries)
what is the cosmopolitan canopy and what was Elijah Andersons argument?
its an area were diverse groups of people could come together and engage it what he calls a spirit of civility
he argued in the cosmopolitan canopy that social interaction in urban areas is not all doom and gloom
