chapter 4 Flashcards
what is the formula for hydrochloric acid?
HCl
what is the formula for sulfuric acid?
H2S04
what is the formula for nitric acid?
HNO3
what is the formula for ethanoic acid?
CH3COOH
what happens when acids are dissolved in water?
they release H+ ions
what is a strong acid?
completely ionises/disociates into ions in aqueous solutions
what is the spectator ion in this
HCl —> H+ + C-
chloride ion
what is a weak acid?
partially ionises/disociates into ions in aqueous solutions
what does a base do when added to an acid?
it neutralises an acid
what happens when a base dissolves in water?
can form an alkali
what does an acid + alkali produce?
salt + water
what does an acid + metal oxide produce?
salt + water
what does an acid + metal carbonate produce?
salt + water +CO2
what is a titration?
used to accurately measure the volume of one solution that reacts exactly with a known volume of another solution
what is the equipment used in a titration?
white tile
burette
conical flask
bulb pipette
pipette filler
volumetric flask
dropping pipette
what do you have to make sure the results are before calculating the mean titrate?
concordant (within 0.1 of each other)
how do you calculate percentage uncertainty?
(error x times of use) / reading x 100
what is oxidation?
gain of oxygen
loss of hydrogen and electrons
what is reduction?
loss of oxygen
gain of hydrogen and electrons
what is the oxidation number for group 1 elements?
+1
what is the oxidation number for group 2 elements?
+2
what is the oxidation number for fluorine?
-1
what is the oxidation number for hydrogen?
+1
except in metal hydrides when = -1
what is the oxidation number for oxygen?
-2
except in peroxides (02) = -1
with F = +2
what is the oxidation number of a single element on its own?
0
how can you tell if an element is oxidised?
its oxidation number increases
how can you tell if an element is reduced?
its oxidation number decreases
