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a level chem > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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2
Q

what is the formula for sulfuric acid?

A

H2S04

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3
Q

what is the formula for nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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4
Q

what is the formula for ethanoic acid?

A

CH3COOH

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5
Q

what happens when acids are dissolved in water?

A

they release H+ ions

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6
Q

what is a strong acid?

A

completely ionises/disociates into ions in aqueous solutions

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6
Q

what is the spectator ion in this
HCl —> H+ + C-

A

chloride ion

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7
Q

what is a weak acid?

A

partially ionises/disociates into ions in aqueous solutions

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8
Q

what does a base do when added to an acid?

A

it neutralises an acid

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9
Q

what happens when a base dissolves in water?

A

can form an alkali

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10
Q

what does an acid + alkali produce?

A

salt + water

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11
Q

what does an acid + metal oxide produce?

A

salt + water

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12
Q

what does an acid + metal carbonate produce?

A

salt + water +CO2

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13
Q

what is a titration?

A

used to accurately measure the volume of one solution that reacts exactly with a known volume of another solution

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14
Q

what is the equipment used in a titration?

A

white tile
burette
conical flask
bulb pipette
pipette filler
volumetric flask
dropping pipette

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15
Q

what do you have to make sure the results are before calculating the mean titrate?

A

concordant (within 0.1 of each other)

16
Q

how do you calculate percentage uncertainty?

A

(error x times of use) / reading x 100

17
Q

what is oxidation?

A

gain of oxygen
loss of hydrogen and electrons

18
Q

what is reduction?

A

loss of oxygen
gain of hydrogen and electrons

19
Q

what is the oxidation number for group 1 elements?

A

+1

20
Q

what is the oxidation number for group 2 elements?

A

+2

21
Q

what is the oxidation number for fluorine?

A

-1

22
Q

what is the oxidation number for hydrogen?

A

+1

except in metal hydrides when = -1

23
Q

what is the oxidation number for oxygen?

A

-2

except in peroxides (02) = -1
with F = +2

24
Q

what is the oxidation number of a single element on its own?

A

0

25
Q

how can you tell if an element is oxidised?

A

its oxidation number increases

26
Q

how can you tell if an element is reduced?

A

its oxidation number decreases

a level chem (22 decks)

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