chapter 27 Flashcards
what is an aliphatic amine?
nitrogen is attached to at least one carbon chain
what is an aromatic amine?
nitrogen is attached to at least one aromatic ring
how do you name something with NH2 at end of chain?
e.g. methylamine
put amine at end of name
how do you name something when NH2 is not at end of chain (primary amine)?
amino group
e.g. 3-aminopentane
how do you name something with more than one NH2 group (primary amine)?
1,2-diaminobutane
how do you name secondary/tertiary amines with same R groups called?
dimethylamine
triethylamine
how do you name secondary/tertiary amines with different R groups?
largest chain is suffix amine
shorter chains are N prefixes in alphabetical order
e.g. N-ethyl-N-methylpropylamine
how can amines act as bases?
lone pair of electrons on N can accept a proton
amines will neutralise acids to make salts
how can you make an aliphatic amine?
haloalkane + NH3 and ethanol
what are the conditions of making an aliphatic amine (haloalkane + NH3 + ethanol)?
excess ammonia ensures no leftover haloalkane to react with primary amine
how can ammonia act as nucleophile when making an amine?
ammonia has lone pair of electrons on N
forms an ammonium salt
how can you make a secondary amine?
haloalkene + RNH2
how can you make a tertiary amine?
haloalkane + RNHR’
how do you create a phenylamine?
nitrobenzene + tin + conc HCl
what do amino acids contain?
amine group
carboxylic acid group
R group
H
what happens when amino acids react with acids?
form salt
amine group acts as base
what happens when amino acids react with alkali?
make a salt
be carful as R group may have NH2 or COOH so will also react with acid/base
how can you esterify an amino acid?
carboxylic acid group of amino acid is esterified by heating with an alcohol
in presence of sulfuric acid
what is an amide?
carboxylic acid derivative
OH replaced by NH2, NHR, NRR’
what happens when you add ammonia and acyl chloride?
produces primary amide
what happens when you add a primary amide and acyl chloride?
secondary amide
what is a chiral centre?
4 different groups around C atom
molecule will exist as optical isomer
how is a polyester made?
joining monomer that contains alcohol and carboxylic acid groups
or
two different monomers, one a diol and the other a dicarboxylic acid
what happens during acid hydrolysis of polyesters?
ester + water + (H+) –> carboxylic acid + alcohol
what happens during alkaline hydrolysis of polyesters?
ester is heated under reflux with aqueous hydroxide ion
produces carboxylate ion and alcohol
what happens during acid hydrolysis of a polyester with HCl?
produces dicarboxylic acid and alcohol and Cl- ions floating around
what happens during alkaline hydrolysis of a polyester with NaOH?
salt of dicarboxylic acid
alcohol
how can an amide be made?
by reacting amine with carboxylic acid or acyl chloride
how are polyamides made?
with monomer that contains amine and carboxylic acid groups (+ 2 H2O)
or
with 2 different monomers one a diamine and the other a dicarboxylic acid (+ (2n-1) H2O)
what happens when you reflux an amide with aqueous acid?
carboxylic acid
ammonium ion
what happens when you reflux an amide with aqueous alkali?
carboxylate ion
ammonia
what happens when you hydrolyse a polyamide with a base?
produces salt of carboxylic acid and diamino alkane
what happens when you hydrolyse a polyamide with an acid?
produces dicarboxylic acid
diamine salt
