all tests you need to know Flashcards
how do you test for ammonium?
add sodium hydroxide
turns red litmus paper blue
how do you test for carbonate?
add HCl
produces CO2
turns limewater cloudy
how do you test for sulfate?
add barium chloride (BaCl2)
forms white precipitate
how do you test for alkenes?
add bromine water and shake
solution will decolourise
how do you test for haloalkanes?
warmed with NaOH in ethanol and water
releases halide ion
add dilute nitric acid then silver nitrate nitrate solution
how do you test for carbonyls?
add 2,4-DNP (Brady’s reagent)
produces orange precipitate
how do you test for aldehydes?
add Tollen’s reagent
produces silver mirror
how do you test for alcohols?
add suitable oxidising agent (acidified potassium dichromate)
colour change from orange to green
no change for tertiary alcohol
how do you test for carboxylic acids?
add sodium carbonate
fizzing occurs
how do you test for phenols?
add bromine water and shake
solution will decolourise and white precipitate
