chapter 28 Flashcards
1
Q
how can nitriles be formed?
A
haloalkanes + sodium cyanide in ethanol
or
aldehydes/ketones with hydrogen cyanide
2
Q
how can amines be formed from nitriles?
A
nitriles reduced to amines (react with hydrogen and nickel catalyst)
3
Q
how can carboxylic acids be formed from nitriles?
A
nitriles undergo hydrolysis to form carboxylic acids by eating with aqueous acid
4
Q
what is reflux?
A
technique used for boiling volatile/flammable reactants over a long period of time
5
Q
what is distillation?
A
relies on fact that in a mixture of miscible liquids, each component has its own boiling point
6
Q
what is vacuum filtration?
A
filtration under reduced pressure
separates solid product from solvent
7
Q
what is recrystallisation?
A
remove impurities from a solid
