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a level chem > chapter 24 > Flashcards

chapter 24 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the properties of the first row of d-block elements?

A

giant metallic lattices
high melting and boiling points
conduct electricity
insoluble

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2
Q

what are the special cases of d block elements when forming ions?

A

chromium and copper
only one electron in 4s orbital
half filled 3d and filled 3d are more stable than filled 4s

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3
Q

what happens when d block elements form ions?

A

4s orbital fills before 3d orbital

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4
Q

what is a transition element?

A

d block element that forms at least one ion with a partially filled d-orbital

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5
Q

what d block elements are not transition elements?

A

scandium and zinc

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6
Q

what are properties of transition elements?

A

form coloured compounds
elements and their compounds can act as catalysts e.g. heterogeneous catalyst in haber process
ions have different oxidation numbers to element

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7
Q

what is a complex ion?

A

formed when one or more molecules/negative ions bond to a central metal ion

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8
Q

what are ligands?

A

molecule/ion that donates a pair of electrons to a central metal ion yo form coordinate/dative covalent bond

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9
Q

what is the coordinate number?

A

indicates number of coordinate bonds attached to central metal ion

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10
Q

what is a monodentate ligand?

A

donates one pair of electrons to central metal atom

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11
Q

what is a bidentate ligand?

A

donates two pairs of electrons to central metal atom
forms two coordinate bonds
(number of ligands does not correspond to coordinate number)

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12
Q

what is the shape of a complex ion with 6 coordinate bonds?

A

octahedral (90 degrees)

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13
Q

what is the shape of a complex ion with 4 coordinate bonds?

A

tetrahedral (109.5 degrees)
square planar (90 degrees)

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14
Q

what is stereoisomerism?

A

same structural formulae but different arrangment of atoms in 3D space

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15
Q

what do you need for cis-trans isomerism?

A

square planar of octahedral shape
two different monodentate ligands

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16
Q

what do you need for optical isomerism?

A

octahedral complexes
two or more bidentate ligands

17
Q

what are precipitate reactions?

A

2 aqueous solutions containing ions react to form an insoluble ionic solid

18
Q

what happens when you add aqueous NaOH to Cu 2+ solution?

A

blue to blue

19
Q

what happens when you add aqueous NaOH to Fe 2+ solution?

A

pale green to green

20
Q

what happens when you add aqueous NaOH to Fe 3+ solution?

A

pale yellow to orange-brown

21
Q

what happens when you add aqueous NaOH to Mn 2+ solution?

A

pale pink to light-brown

22
Q

what happens when you add aqueous NaOH to Cr 3+?

A

violet to grey-green

23
Q

what happens when you add excess aqueous NaOH to Cr 3+?

A

dark green

24
Q

what is a ligand substitution reaction?

A

one ligand in a complex ion is replaced by another ligand

25
Q

what happens when you add aqueous ammonia to Cu 2+ solution?

A

blue to blue

26
Q

what happens when you add excess aqueous ammonia to Cu 2+ solution?

A

blue to deep blue

27
Q

what happens when you add aqueous ammonia to Fe 2+ solution?

A

pale green to green

28
Q

what happens when you add aqueous ammonia to Fe 3+ solution?

A

pale yellow to orange-brown

29
Q

what happens when you add aqueous ammonia to Mn 2+ solution?

A

pale pink to light brown

30
Q

what happens when you add aqueous ammonia to Cr 3+ solution?

A

violet to grey-green

31
Q

what happens when you add excess aqueous ammonia to Cr 3+ solution?

A

grey-green to purple

32
Q

what happens when you add excess HCl to Cu 2+ solution?

A

pale blue to yellown

33
Q

what happens with ligand substitution and haemoglobin?

A

central metal ion in haem group is Fe 2+
carbon monoxide is toxic as when breathed in, ligand substitution occurs and oxygen in haemoglobin is replaced

34
Q

what is the colour change of the oxidation of Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ with Mn?

A

purple to colourless

35
Q

what is the colour change of the reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ with iodine?

A

orange-brown to pale green and brown

36
Q

what is the colour change of the reduction of Cr2O7 2- to Cr 3+ with zinc?

A

orange to green
with excess zinc it is green to pale blue

37
Q

what is the colour change of the oxidation of Cr 3+ to Cr2O7 2-?

A

green to yellow

38
Q

what is the colour change of the reduction of Cu 2+ to Cu + with iodine?

A

pale blue to white precipitate and brown

39
Q

what is the colour change of the disproportionation of Cu +?

A

Cu is being reduced and oxidised
produces brown solid in blue solution

a level chem (23 decks)

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