all reactions you need to know

Question 1

how do you make a haloalkane from an alkene?

Answer 1

hydrogen halide

Question 2

how do you make an alkene from a primary alcohol?

Answer 2

reflux
conc sulfuric acid

Question 3

how do you make a primary alcohol from an alkene?

Answer 3

hydration (H2O)
H3PO4

Question 4

how do you make a haloalkane from a primary alcohol?

Answer 4

sodium halide
sulfuric acid
reflux

Question 5

how do you make a primary alcohol from a haloalkane?

Answer 5

NaOH
reflux

Question 6

how do you make a nitrile from a haloalkane?

Answer 6

NaCN
ethanol

Question 7

how do you make an amine from a haloalkane?

Answer 7

NH3
ethanol

Question 8

how do you make a haloalkane from an alkane?

Answer 8

halogen
UV light

Question 9

how do you make an amine from a nitrile?

Answer 9

H2
Ni

Question 10

how do you make an aldehyde from a primary alcohol?

Answer 10

oxidation
acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
sulfuric acid

Question 11

how do you make a primary alcohol from an aldehyde?

Answer 11

reduction
NaBH4
H2O

Question 12

how do you make a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde?

Answer 12

oxidation
reflux
acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
sulfuric acid

Question 13

how do you make a hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde?

Answer 13

NaCN/H+

Question 14

how do you make a carboxylic acid from a nitrile?

Answer 14

H2O
HCl
heat hydrolysis

Question 15

how do you make an acyl chloride from a carboxylic acid?

Answer 15

SOCl2
produces HCl gas (toxic)

Question 16

how do you make a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride?

Answer 16

H2O

Question 17

how do you make a primary amide from an acyl chloride?

Answer 17

NH3

Question 18

how do you make a secondary amide from an acyl chloride?

Answer 18

primary amine

Question 19

how do you make an ester from an acyl chloride?

Answer 19

alcohol

Question 20

how do you make an ester from a carboxylic acid?

Answer 20

alcohol
reflux
H2SO4

Question 21

how do you make a carboxylic acid from an ester?

Answer 21

dilute acid
reflux
hydrolysis

Question 22

how do you make a sodium salt of carboxylic acid and alcohol from an ester?

Answer 22

NaOH
reflux
alkaline hydrolysis

Question 23

how do you make an ester from a primary alcohol?

Answer 23

carboxylic acid
concentrated sulfuric acid

Question 24

how do you produce a benzene with a nitrate group from a benzene?

Answer 24

HNO3
H2SO4
nitration

Question 25

how do you produce a benzene with an amine group from a benzene with a nitrate group?

Answer 25

Sn (tin) concentrated HCl reduction

Question 26

how do you add bromines onto a benzene with an amine group?

Answer 26

2,4 directing Br2

Question 27

how do you add a methyl group onto a benzene?

Answer 27

alkylation CH3Cl/AlCl3

Question 28

how do you add a single bromine onto a benzene?

Answer 28

Br2/FeBr3 bromination

Question 29

how do you add a single chlorine onto a benzene?

Answer 29

Cl2/AlCl3 chlorination

Question 30

how do you add an acyl chloride group onto a benzene?

Answer 30

CH3COCl/AlCl3 chlorine disappears acylation

Question 31

how do you add an alcohol group onto a benzene that has undergone acylation?

Answer 31

NaBH4 reduction (opens C=O bond)

Question 32

how do you add a nitrate group onto a phenol?

Answer 32

HNO3 nitration

Question 33

how do you neutralise a phenol?

Answer 33

NaOH produces O-Na+ where the OH group used to be