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Biochemistry > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How many common R groups are there?

A

20

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2
Q

What makes up an alpha amino acid?

A

Central Carbon (alpha)
Amine
Carboxylic Acid
R group
Hydrogen

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3
Q

Is the amine on an amino acid strong or weak?

A

Week base

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4
Q

Is the carboxylic acid on an amino acid strong or weak?

A

Weak acid

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5
Q

What is on the N-terminus of an amino acid?

A

Amine

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6
Q

What is on the C-terminus of an amino acid?

A

Carboxylic acid

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7
Q

What does an amino acid look like at pH 7.4?

A

Protonated (+) Amine
Deprotonated (-) Carboxylic acid

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8
Q

What type of acids are amino acids?

A

Weak polyprotic acid

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9
Q

What is the pKa of the carboxylic acid group on an amino acid?

A

2

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10
Q

What is the pKa of the amino group on an amino acid?

A

9

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11
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Glycine?

A

Gly
G

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12
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Alanine?

A

Ala
A

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13
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Valine?

A

Val
V

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14
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Leucine?

A

Leu
L

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15
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Isoleucine?

A

Ile
I

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16
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Methionine?

A

Met
M

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17
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Proline?

A

Pro
P

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18
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Phenylalanine?

A

Phe
F

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19
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Tryptophan?

A

Trp
W

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20
Q

Describe the R group of glycine:

A

H

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21
Q

Describe the R group of Alanine:

A

CH3

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22
Q

Describe the R group of Valine:

A

CH(CH3)2

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23
Q

Describe the R group of Isoleucine:

A

CH(CH2CH3)CH3
Beta carbon with a methyl, ethyl, and hydrogen on it

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24
Q

Describe the R group of Methionine:

A

CH2-CH2-S-CH3

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25
Q

Describe the R group of Proline:

A

C(a)-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2+
Three carbon chain that attaches to the amino group in the backbone

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26
Q

Describe the R group of Phenylalanine:

A

CH2-C6H6
One carbon into a benzene ring

27
Q

Describe the R group of Tryptophan:

A

CH2-C4H1NH-C4
One carbon into a 5-member ring with an N, and off of that ring a benzene

28
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Serine?

29
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Threonine?

30
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Asparagine?

31
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Glutamine?

32
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Tyrosine?

33
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Cysteine?

34
Q

Describe the R group of Serine:

35
Q

Describe the R group of Threonine:

A

CH(CH3)OH
Beta carbon with a alcohol, methyl, and hydrogen

36
Q

Describe the R group of Asparagine:

A

CH2-CO(NH2)
CH2 with a C that is double bonded to an oxygen and has an amino group

37
Q

Describe the R group of Glutamine:

A

CH2-CH2-CO(NH2)
Two CH2s and then a C that is double bonded to an oxygen and has an amino group
(Asparagine with an extra CH2)

38
Q

Describe the R group of Tyrosine:

A

CH2-Ph
CH2 attached to a benzene ring that has an OH in the para position

39
Q

Describe the R group of Cysteine:

40
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Lysine?

41
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Arginine?

42
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Histadine?

43
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Aspartic Acid?

44
Q

What are the 3 and 1-letter codes for Glutamic Acid?

45
Q

Describe the R group of Lysine:

A

-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH3+

46
Q

Describe the R group of Arginine:

A

-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(NH2)NH2+
3 Carbon chain with a NH attached to a Carbon that is boned to an amino group and double bonded to another amino group that has a positive charge

47
Q

Describe the R group of Histadine:

A

CH2-(5member ring with 2 nitrogens)
A CH2 attached to a carbon that is in a 5 member ring with a two two NH; One of the NH groups are in a double bond and thus have a positive charge

48
Q

Describe the R group of Aspartic Acid?

49
Q

Describe the R group of Glutamic Acid:

A

CH2-CH2-COO-

50
Q

What is the isoelectric point for amino acids?

A

The pH at which the net charge on the amino acid or protein is neutral

51
Q

What is the formula for pI?

A

pI = 1/2 (pKa1 + pKa2)

52
Q

Why is there no racemic mixtures in biochemistry?

53
Q

What is the stereochemistry of most amino acids? Which one is different?

A

Chiral
Glycine - achiral

54
Q

What type of amino acid predominates the stereochemistry?

A

L-amino acids

55
Q

When do we use the R/S stereochemistry naming instead of L/D?

A

When more than one stereocenter is present

56
Q

What is the difference between an (L) and (D) amino acid?

A

L: NH3+ on left
D: NH3+ on right

57
Q

Are L-amino acids S or R? What is the exception?

A

All L-amino acids are (S)-amino acids, except for Cys

58
Q

What is the difference between essential and nonessential amino acids?

A

Essential - must come from diet
Nonessential - body produces

59
Q

How many amino acids are essential?

60
Q

What is the function of the GABA amino acid?

A

Neurotransmitter

61
Q

What is the function of Histamine?

A

Inflammation/Allergic Reaction

62
Q

What is the function of Dopamine?

A

Neurotransmitter

63
Q

What is the function of Thyroxine amino acid?

A

Thyroid hormone

Biochemistry (17 decks)

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