Chapter 2 Flashcards
Water has a high… [4]
Boiling point
Melting point
Heat of vaporization
Surface tension
Is water polar or nonpolar?
Polar
Does water act as a hydrogen bond donor or acceptor?
Both
Is ice more or less dense than water?
Less Dense - ice floats in water
What is a cation?
Positively charged ion
What is an anion?
Negatively charged ion
What is an amphiphilic molecule?
A molecule with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic region(s)
What part of a molecule faces away from water?
Nonpolar
What is osmosis?
Movement of water molecules from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential
What is osmotic pressure?
The minimum amount of pressure needed to prevent osmosis
What direction does water move?
Water moves in the direction of solute
Dilute -> Concentrated
What is dialysis?
The separation of smaller molecules from larger ones via a semi-permeable membrane
What is the equilibrium constant (k) for water?
Keq = 1 x 10^-14
What is the formula for pH?
pH = -log[H+]
What is the pH of a solution with high [H+]?
Low pH
What is the pH of a solution with low [H+]?
High pH
What is the formula for Ka?
Ka = [H+][A-] / [HA]
What does Ka tell us?
The strength of the acid
What is the formula for pKa?
pKa = -logKa
What does a high pKa tell us?
There is a small amount of dissociation (weak acid)
What does a low pKa tell us?
There is a large amount of dissociation (strong acid)
What is the pKa of a strong acid?
Low pKa
What is the pKa of a weak acid?
High pKa
What is the function of a buffer?
Resist change in pH
What range is a buffer reliable within?
One pH unit from their pKa
What is the physiological pH?
7.4
What range does log10 [A-]/[H-] need to be a good buffer?
-1 and 1
What range does the ratio of [A-]/[H+] to be a good buffer?
1/10 to 10/1
What does the midpoint of a titration curve show?
The point where pH and pKa are the same (pH = pKa)
How much can physiological pH vary before it is considered an issue
+/- 0.05
Acidosis - blood pH is below 7.35
Alkalosis - blood pH is above 7.45
