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Biochemistry > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

How many reactions are in glycolysis?

A

Ten

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2
Q

What is the starting and ending product of glycolysis?

A

Glucose -> 2 Pyruvate

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3
Q

Which of the 10 reactions of glycolysis are part of the energy investment phase?

A

Reaction 1-5

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4
Q

Which of the 10 reactions of glycolysis are part of the energy extraction phase?

A

Reaction 6-10

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5
Q

What is the substrate and product of the first reaction of glycolysis?

A

Glucose to G6P

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6
Q

What enzyme is used in the first reaction of glycolysis?

A

Hexokinase

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7
Q

What type of enzyme is hexokinase?

A

Transferase

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8
Q

What is the substrate and product of the second reaction of glycolysis?

A

G6P to F6P

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9
Q

What enzyme is used in the second reaction of glycolysis?

A

Phosphoglycoisomerase

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10
Q

What type of enzyme is phosphoglucoisomerase?

A

Isomerase

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11
Q

What intermediate is formed during the second reaction of glycolysis?

A

Ene-diol

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12
Q

What is the structure of an ene-diol?

A

HO-C=C-OH

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13
Q

What are the steps of the phosphoglucoisomerase mechanism?

A
  1. Substrate binding
  2. Acid-catalyzed ring opening
  3. Base catalysis
  4. Acid catalysis
  5. Base-catalyzed ring closure
  6. Product release
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14
Q

What are the substrate and product of the third reaction of glycolysis?

A

F6P to FBP

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15
Q

What enzyme is used in the third reaction of glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase

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16
Q

What type of enzyme is phosphofructokinase?

A

Transferase

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17
Q

What is the substrate and product of the fourth reaction of glycolysis?

A

FBP to DHAP/GAP

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18
Q

What enzyme is used in the fourth reaction of glycolysis?

A

Aldolase

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19
Q

What type of enzyme is aldolase?

A

Lyase

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20
Q

What type of reaction is the 4th reaction of glycolysis?

A

Retro-aldol condensation

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21
Q

Which reaction of glycolysis forms a Schiff base?

A

Reaction 4

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22
Q

What are the steps of the aldolase mechanism?

A
  1. Substrate binding
  2. Protonated schiff base formation
  3. Aldol cleavage
  4. Tautomerization and protonation
  5. Schiff base hydrolysis
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23
Q

What are the substrates and products of the 5th reaction of glycolysis?

A

DHAP to GAP

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24
Q

What enzyme is used for the 5th reaction of glycolysis?

A

Triose Phosphate Isomerase (TIM)

25
Q

What type of enzyme is TIM?

A

Isomerase

26
Q

What type of reaction is the 5th reaction of glycolysis?

A

Acid-Base Catalysis

27
Q

Which reaction of glycolysis uses a catalytically perfect enzyme?

A

Reaction 5

28
Q

What intermediate is formed in the 5th reaction of glycolysis?

A

Enediol intermediate

29
Q

What are the substrate and product of the 6th reaction of glycolysis?

A

GAP to 1,3-BPG

30
Q

What enzyme is used in the 6th reaction of glycolysis?

A

GAP Dehydrogenase (GAPDH)

31
Q

What are the substrate and product of the 7th reaction of glycolysis?

A

1,3-BPG to 3PG

32
Q

What enzyme is used in the 7th reaction of glycolysis?

A

PGK

33
Q

What type of enzyme is PGK?

A

Transferase

34
Q

What type of enzyme is GAPDH?

A

Oxidoreductase

35
Q

What are the substrate and product of the 8th reaction of glycolysis?

A

3PG to 2PG

36
Q

What enzyme is used in the 8th reaction of glycolysis?

A

Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM)

37
Q

What type of enzyme is PGM?

A

Isomerase

38
Q

What intermediate is formed in the 8th reaction of glycolysis?

A

2,3-BPG

39
Q

What are the steps of the PGM mechanism?

A
  1. Substrate Binding
  2. Phosphorylation of substrate
  3. Phosphorylation of enzyme
  4. Product release
40
Q

What are the steps of the GAPDH mechanism?

A
  1. Substrate binding
  2. Active site thiol addition
  3. Dehydrogenation (oxidation)
  4. Phosphate binding
  5. Product release and NADH/NAD+ exchange
41
Q

What is the substrate and product of the 9th reaction of glycolysis?

A

2PG to PEP

42
Q

What enzyme is used in the 9th reaction of glycolysis?

A

Enolase

43
Q

What type of enzyme is enolase?

A

Lyase

44
Q

What is the substrate and product of the 10th reaction of glycolysis?

A

PEP to Pyruvate

45
Q

What enzyme is used in the 10th reaction of glycolysis?

A

Pyruvate Kinase (PK)

46
Q

What type of enzyme is PK?

A

Transferase

47
Q

Which reactions of glycolysis are NOT reversible?

A

Reaction 3 and 10

48
Q

Which reactions of glycolysis use ATP?

A

Reactions 1 and 3

49
Q

Which reactions of glycolysis form ATP?

A

Reactions 7 and 10

50
Q

Which reactions of glycolysis form high-energy intermediates?

A

Reactions 6 and 9

51
Q

Which reactions use a magnesium cofactor?

A

Reactions 1, 3, and 7

52
Q

What are the steps of the PK mechanism?

A
  1. ATP formation
  2. Tautomerization
53
Q

Which reaction of glycolysis forms NADH?

A

Reaction 6

54
Q

Which reactions of glycolysis are phosphorylations?

A

1, 3, 7, 10

55
Q

Which reactions of glycolysis are isomerizations?

A

2, 5, 8

56
Q

Which reactions of glycolysis are oxidation reductions?

A

6

57
Q

Which reactions of glycolysis are dehydration?

A

9

58
Q

Which reactions of glycolysis involve carbon-carbon bond cleavage?

A

4

Biochemistry (17 decks)

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