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Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

How many reactions are in glycolysis?

A

Ten

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2
Q

What is the starting and ending product of glycolysis?

A

Glucose -> 2 Pyruvate

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3
Q

Which of the 10 reactions of glycolysis are part of the energy investment phase?

A

Reaction 1-5

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4
Q

Which of the 10 reactions of glycolysis are part of the energy extraction phase?

A

Reaction 6-10

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5
Q

What is the substrate and product of the first reaction of glycolysis?

A

Glucose to G6P

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6
Q

What enzyme is used in the first reaction of glycolysis?

A

Hexokinase

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7
Q

What type of enzyme is hexokinase?

A

Transferase

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8
Q

What is the substrate and product of the second reaction of glycolysis?

A

G6P to F6P

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9
Q

What enzyme is used in the second reaction of glycolysis?

A

Phosphoglycoisomerase

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10
Q

What type of enzyme is phosphoglucoisomerase?

A

Isomerase

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11
Q

What intermediate is formed during the second reaction of glycolysis?

A

Ene-diol

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12
Q

What is the structure of an ene-diol?

A

HO-C=C-OH

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13
Q

What are the steps of the phosphoglucoisomerase mechanism?

A
  1. Substrate binding
  2. Acid-catalyzed ring opening
  3. Base catalysis
  4. Acid catalysis
  5. Base-catalyzed ring closure
  6. Product release
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14
Q

What are the substrate and product of the third reaction of glycolysis?

A

F6P to FBP

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15
Q

What enzyme is used in the third reaction of glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase

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16
Q

What type of enzyme is phosphofructokinase?

A

Transferase

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17
Q

What is the substrate and product of the fourth reaction of glycolysis?

A

FBP to DHAP/GAP

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18
Q

What enzyme is used in the fourth reaction of glycolysis?

A

Aldolase

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19
Q

What type of enzyme is aldolase?

A

Lyase

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20
Q

What type of reaction is the 4th reaction of glycolysis?

A

Retro-aldol condensation

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21
Q

Which reaction of glycolysis forms a Schiff base?

A

Reaction 4

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22
Q

What are the steps of the aldolase mechanism?

A
  1. Substrate binding
  2. Protonated schiff base formation
  3. Aldol cleavage
  4. Tautomerization and protonation
  5. Schiff base hydrolysis
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23
Q

What are the substrates and products of the 5th reaction of glycolysis?

A

DHAP to GAP

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24
Q

What enzyme is used for the 5th reaction of glycolysis?

A

Triose Phosphate Isomerase (TIM)

25
What type of enzyme is TIM?
Isomerase
26
What type of reaction is the 5th reaction of glycolysis?
Acid-Base Catalysis
27
Which reaction of glycolysis uses a catalytically perfect enzyme?
Reaction 5
28
What intermediate is formed in the 5th reaction of glycolysis?
Enediol intermediate
29
What are the substrate and product of the 6th reaction of glycolysis?
GAP to 1,3-BPG
30
What enzyme is used in the 6th reaction of glycolysis?
GAP Dehydrogenase (GAPDH)
31
What are the substrate and product of the 7th reaction of glycolysis?
1,3-BPG to 3PG
32
What enzyme is used in the 7th reaction of glycolysis?
PGK
33
What type of enzyme is PGK?
Transferase
34
What type of enzyme is GAPDH?
Oxidoreductase
35
What are the substrate and product of the 8th reaction of glycolysis?
3PG to 2PG
36
What enzyme is used in the 8th reaction of glycolysis?
Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM)
37
What type of enzyme is PGM?
Isomerase
38
What intermediate is formed in the 8th reaction of glycolysis?
2,3-BPG
39
What are the steps of the PGM mechanism?
1. Substrate Binding 2. Phosphorylation of substrate 3. Phosphorylation of enzyme 4. Product release
40
What are the steps of the GAPDH mechanism?
1. Substrate binding 2. Active site thiol addition 3. Dehydrogenation (oxidation) 4. Phosphate binding 5. Product release and NADH/NAD+ exchange
41
What is the substrate and product of the 9th reaction of glycolysis?
2PG to PEP
42
What enzyme is used in the 9th reaction of glycolysis?
Enolase
43
What type of enzyme is enolase?
Lyase
44
What is the substrate and product of the 10th reaction of glycolysis?
PEP to Pyruvate
45
What enzyme is used in the 10th reaction of glycolysis?
Pyruvate Kinase (PK)
46
What type of enzyme is PK?
Transferase
47
Which reactions of glycolysis are NOT reversible?
Reaction 3 and 10
48
Which reactions of glycolysis use ATP?
Reactions 1 and 3
49
Which reactions of glycolysis form ATP?
Reactions 7 and 10
50
Which reactions of glycolysis form high-energy intermediates?
Reactions 6 and 9
51
Which reactions use a magnesium cofactor?
Reactions 1, 3, and 7
52
What are the steps of the PK mechanism?
1. ATP formation 2. Tautomerization
53
Which reaction of glycolysis forms NADH?
Reaction 6
54
Which reactions of glycolysis are phosphorylations?
1, 3, 7, 10
55
Which reactions of glycolysis are isomerizations?
2, 5, 8
56
Which reactions of glycolysis are oxidation reductions?
6
57
Which reactions of glycolysis are dehydration?
9
58
Which reactions of glycolysis involve carbon-carbon bond cleavage?
4

Biochemistry (17 decks)

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