Chapter 39 Quiz

Question 1

Niko Tinbergen

Answer 1

Identifies four questions that should be asked about animal behavior

Question 2

Four Questions

Answer 2

1) What stimulus elicits the behavior, and what physiological mechanisms mediate the response?
2) How does the animals experience during growth and development influence the response?
3) How does the behavior aid survival and reproduction?
4) What is the behavior’s evolutionary history?

Question 3

Fixed Action Pattern

Answer 3

a sequence of unlearned, innate behaviors that is unchangeable. once initiated, it is usually carried to completion. (ex: stickleback fish with red stomachs)

Question 4

Sign Stimulus

Answer 4

an external cue known as a sign stimulus

Question 5

Migration

Answer 5

Regular, long distance change in location triggered by environmental cues

Question 6

Behavioral rythyms

Answer 6

linked to daylight, darkness, circadian rythymn etc.

Question 7

Signal

Answer 7

A behavior that causes a change in another animal’s behavior

Question 8

Communication

Answer 8

The transmission and receptions of signals

Four forms: visual, chemical, tactile, and auditory signals

Question 9

Pheramones

Answer 9

Communication odors that animals emit

Question 10

Innate Behavior

Answer 10

Developmentally fixed behavior that does not vary among individuals

Question 11

Cross-fostering study

Answer 11

places the young from one species in the care of adults from another species

Question 12

Twin studies

Answer 12

allow researchers to compare the relative influences of genetics and environment on behavior

Question 13

Learned behavior

Answer 13

modification of behavior based on specific experiences

Question 14

Imprinting

Answer 14

The establishment of a long-lasting behavioral response to a particular individual

Question 15

Sensitive period

Answer 15

limited developmental phase that is the only time when certain behaviors can be learned

Question 16

Spatial learning

Answer 16

the establishment of a memory that reflects the spacial structure of the environment

Question 17

Cognitive map

Answer 17

an internal representation of spatial relationships between objects in an animal’s surroundings

Question 18

associative learning

Answer 18

animals associate one feature of their environment with another

Question 19

Cognition

Answer 19

the process of knowing that may include awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement

Question 20

Problem solving

Answer 20

the process of devising a strategy to overcome an obstacle

Question 21

Social learning

Answer 21

learning through the observation of others and forms the roots of culture

Question 22

Culture

Answer 22

system of information transfer through observation or teaching that influences a behavior of individuals in a population. influences fitness

Question 23

Foraging

Answer 23

behavior essential for survival and reproduction that includes recognizing, capturing, and eating food items

Question 24

Monogamous relationships

Answer 24

one male with one female, less successful in nature, less diversity

Question 25

Polygamy

Answer 25

one male mates with many females, males more showy and larger than other females

Question 26

Polyandry

Answer 26

one female mates with many males, females more showy than males

Question 27

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 27

results from sexual selection, is a form of natural selection

Question 28

Intersexual selection

Answer 28

members of one sex CHOOSE mates on the basis of certain traits

Question 29

Intrasexual selection

Answer 29

involves COMPETITION between two members of the same sex for mates

Question 30

Genetic Variation and the evolution of behavior

Answer 30

when behavioral variation within a species corresponds to environmental variation, it may be evidence of past evolution

Question 31

Altruism

Answer 31

Selfless acts that result in no gain

Question 32

Kin Selection

Answer 32

Altruism towards relatives, increasing reproductive success

Question 33

Inclusive fitness

Answer 33

total effect an individual has on proliferation its genes by producing offspring and helping close relatives produce offspring

Question 34

Linked genes vs separated genes

Answer 34

The closer together two genes are on a chromosome, the more likely they are to be linked. The farther away two genes are the more likely they are to be separated.