Chapter 39 Quiz Flashcards
Niko Tinbergen
Identifies four questions that should be asked about animal behavior
Four Questions
1) What stimulus elicits the behavior, and what physiological mechanisms mediate the response?
2) How does the animals experience during growth and development influence the response?
3) How does the behavior aid survival and reproduction?
4) What is the behavior’s evolutionary history?
Fixed Action Pattern
a sequence of unlearned, innate behaviors that is unchangeable. once initiated, it is usually carried to completion. (ex: stickleback fish with red stomachs)
Sign Stimulus
an external cue known as a sign stimulus
Migration
Regular, long distance change in location triggered by environmental cues
Behavioral rythyms
linked to daylight, darkness, circadian rythymn etc.
Signal
A behavior that causes a change in another animal’s behavior
Communication
The transmission and receptions of signals
Four forms: visual, chemical, tactile, and auditory signals
Pheramones
Communication odors that animals emit
Innate Behavior
Developmentally fixed behavior that does not vary among individuals
Cross-fostering study
places the young from one species in the care of adults from another species
Twin studies
allow researchers to compare the relative influences of genetics and environment on behavior
Learned behavior
modification of behavior based on specific experiences
Imprinting
The establishment of a long-lasting behavioral response to a particular individual
Sensitive period
limited developmental phase that is the only time when certain behaviors can be learned
Spatial learning
the establishment of a memory that reflects the spacial structure of the environment
Cognitive map
an internal representation of spatial relationships between objects in an animal’s surroundings
associative learning
animals associate one feature of their environment with another
Cognition
the process of knowing that may include awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement
Problem solving
the process of devising a strategy to overcome an obstacle
Social learning
learning through the observation of others and forms the roots of culture
Culture
system of information transfer through observation or teaching that influences a behavior of individuals in a population. influences fitness
Foraging
behavior essential for survival and reproduction that includes recognizing, capturing, and eating food items
Monogamous relationships
one male with one female, less successful in nature, less diversity
