Chapter 38

Question 1

Angiosperms and reproduction

Answer 1

Can reproduce sexually and asexually

Question 2

Plant life cycles

Answer 2

Alternate between sporophyte and gametophyte generations

Question 3

Angiosperm life cycle

Answer 3

Three Fs

flowers, double fertilization, and fruits

Question 4

Complete flowers

Answer 4

Contain all four floral organs

Question 5

Inflorescences

Answer 5

Clusters of flowers

Question 6

Pollination

Answer 6

the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma

Question 7

Pollen tube

Answer 7

Produced after landing on receptive stigma

grows deep into ovary and disperses 2 sperm cells

Question 8

Fertilization

Answer 8

the fusion of gametes

Question 9

What do the 2 sperm do?

Answer 9

1. One fertilizes the egg

2. The other gives rise to the endosperm

Question 10

Endosperm

Answer 10

stores food

3n

Question 11

What does double fertilization guarantee?

Answer 11

Endosperm only develops in ovules containing fertilized eggs

Question 12

After fertilization…

Answer 12

each ovule develops into a seed

the ovary develops into a fruit

Question 13

Ways to transfer pollen

Answer 13

wind, water, animals

Question 14

Coevolution

Answer 14

the joint evolution of interacting species in response to selection imposed by each other

many flowering plants have coevolved with specific pollinators

Question 15

First mitotic division

Answer 15

Splits the zygote into a basal cell and a terminal cell

Question 16

Basal cell

Answer 16

Produces a multicellular suspensor

Anchors the embryo to the parent plant

Question 17

Terminal cell

Answer 17

Gives rise to most of the embryo

Question 18

Seed coat

Answer 18

Protects the embryo and its food supply

Question 19

Advantages of seed dormancy

Answer 19

Increases the chances that germination will occur at a time and place most advantageous for the seedling

Question 20

Imbibition

Answer 20

the uptake of water due to low water potential of the dry seed

triggers germination

Question 21

What emerges first?

Answer 21

the radicle

embryonic root

Question 22

Fragmentation

Answer 22

the separation of a parent plant into parts that develop into whole plants

asexual reproduction

Question 23

Apomixis

Answer 23

the asexual production of seeds from a diploid cell

Question 24

Vegetative reproduction

Answer 24

another name for asexual reproduction

Question 25

When is asexual reproduction favorable?

Answer 25

In a stable (non-changing) environment

Question 26

Dioecious

Answer 26

staminate and carpellate flowers on separate plants

prevents self-fertilizing

Question 27

Self-incompatibility

Answer 27

the plant rejects its own pollen

blocks growth in the pollen tube

Question 28

Transgenic organism

Answer 28

those that have been engineered to express a gene from another species

Question 29

Bt toxin

Answer 29

transgenic crops produce this toxin to kill insect prests

Question 30

Biofuels

Answer 30

Fuels derived from living biomass

biofuels would reduce the net emission of CO2

Question 31

What is one concern of GMOs?

Answer 31

They might transfer allergens

Might give rise to “superweeds”