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AP Biology > Chapter 35 > Flashcards

Chapter 35 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Lateral roots

A

The primary root branches to form lateral roots which improve anchorage and water absorption

Responsible for water

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2
Q

Taproot

A

Develops from the primary root and prevents the plant from toppling

Not responsible for water

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3
Q

Root hairs

A

Near the root tip

Increase the surface area of the root

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4
Q

Stem

A

Consists of altnerating nodes and internodes

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5
Q

Nodes

A

The points at which leaves are attatched

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6
Q

Apical bud

A

Growing tip

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7
Q

Axillary bud

A

Structure that has the potential to form a lateral branch

Ex: thorn, flower, branch

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8
Q

Veins

A

the vascular tissue of leaves

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9
Q

Monocot veins

A

parallel

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10
Q

Eudicot veins

A

branching

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11
Q

Cuticle

A

waxy coating that prevents water loss

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12
Q

Nonwoody plants dermal tissue system

A

consists of the epidermis

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13
Q

Woody plants dermal tissue system

A

protective tissues, periderm, replace the epidermis

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14
Q

Periderm

A

Found in older regions of woody plants

Dermal tissue

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15
Q

Dermal tissue

A

Outermost layer

Either periderm or epiderm

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16
Q

Vascular tissue system

A

Transport of materials through plant

Phloem and xylem

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17
Q

Xylem

A

conducts water and dissolved materials upward from roots into the shoots

accounts for a large area inside plant

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18
Q

Phloem

A

transports sugars from where they are made to where they are needed

“get low”

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19
Q

Stele

A

collective name for all the vascular tissue

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20
Q

Ground tissue

A

internal to the vascular tissue: pith

external to the vascular tissue: cortex

21
Q

Parenchyma

A

thin walls

least specialized

perform metabolic functions

can divide

chloroplasts

22
Q

Collenchyma

A

Grouped in strands

Support young parts of plant shoot

Uneven cell walls

Flexible support

23
Q

Sclerenchyma

A

Rigid, thick secondary walls

Dead at functional maturity

24
Q

What is dead at functional maturity?

A

Sclerenchyma, tracheids, and vessel elements

25
Q

Tracheids

A

water conducting cells found in the XYLEM

thin and long rod-like shape

carry out DNA

26
Q

Vessel elements

A

allign end to end to form long micropipes called vessels

27
Q

Sieve tube element

A

alive at functional maturity, even though they have no organelles

Phloem

Transport sugars

28
Q

Where is sap found?

A

Xylem cells

29
Q

Endodermis

A

Intermost layer of root cortex

30
Q

Periderm

A

protective layer on woody plants

31
Q

Sieve tube elements and companion cells

A

The companion cells provide the necessary organelles for the sieve tube element

32
Q

Indeterminate growth

A

Can grow throughout its life

33
Q

Meristems

A

perpetually embroyonic tissue that allows for indeterminate growth

34
Q

Apical meristems

A

located at the tips of roots and shoots

responsible for primary growth

35
Q

Lateral meristems

A

Add thickness to woody plants

secondary growth

vascular and cork cambium

36
Q

Vascular cambium

A

adds layer of vascular tissue called secondary xylem and secondary phloem

37
Q

Cork cambium

A

replaces the epidermis with periderm

38
Q

Initials

A

stem cells which remain in the meristem phase

39
Q

Derivatives

A

become specialized, mature cells

40
Q

Pericycle

A

lateral roots arise from

outermost cell layer of the vascular cylinder

41
Q

Eudicots vascular bundle

A

arranged in a ring

42
Q

Woody eudicots

A

have stereotypical “rings” on trees

43
Q

Monocots vascular bundle

A

spread within

44
Q

Stomata

A

pores that allow CO2 and O2 exchange

45
Q

Guard cells

A

regulate its opening and closing

46
Q

Mesophyll

A

sandwhiched between the upper and lower level of the leaf

spongy mesophyll allows for gas exchange to occur

47
Q

Monocots and secondary growth

A

does not happen

48
Q

When do primary and secondary growth occur?

A

At the same time

AP Biology (13 decks)

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