Chapter 12 (trouble spots)

Question 1

Gametes

Answer 1

Reproductive cells: sperm and eggs

Question 2

Sister chromatids

Answer 2

Joined copies of the orginal chromosome

attached along their lengths by cohesions

Question 3

Centromere

Answer 3

Waist of the duplicated chromosomes

Question 4

Centrosome

Answer 4

Microtubule organizing center

Replicates during Interphase

Moves to opposite ends during prophase

Question 5

Aster

Answer 5

Radical array of short microtubules

Extends from each centrosome

Question 6

Kinetochores

Answer 6

Protein complexes associated with centromeres

Question 7

What starts anaphase?

Answer 7

Cohesins are cleaved by an enzyme called separase

Question 8

Nonkinetochore microtubules

Answer 8

Overlap and push against eachother, elongating the cell

Question 9

Do motor proteins use ATP?

Answer 9

YES

Question 10

When does cytokinesis begin?

Answer 10

During anaphase or telophase

Question 11

Actin

Answer 11

makes up cleavage furrow

Question 12

Golgi vesicles

Answer 12

Associated with cell plate

Question 13

Origin of replication

Answer 13

Binary fission

Beginning

Question 14

Binary fission

Answer 14

1. Chromosomes replicate (starts with origin of replication)
2. Two daughter chromosomes actively move apart
3. Plasma membrane pinches the cell into two

Question 15

Intermediate Mitotic Organization

Answer 15

Exhibited by protists

Intermediate between binary fission and mitosis, which proves an evolutionary link between them

Can reproduce without nuclear membrane breaking down

Question 16

Dinoflagellates and Diatoms

Answer 16

Perform mitosis with an intact nuclear membrane

Question 17

CDKs need Cyclin

Answer 17

Good to know

Question 18

When is there the most cyclin?

Answer 18

Leading up to (G2) and in the beginning of the M phase

Question 19

What is formed when CDK and Cyclin combine?

Answer 19

MPF (mitosis promoting factor)

maturation promoting factor

Question 20

When is there the most MPF?

Answer 20

Right before M phase

Question 21

Cool thing about CDK and Cyclin?

Answer 21

Cyclin is degraded by CDK after it is done being used as MPF

Question 22

What does MPF do?

Answer 22

Trigger’s a cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase

Question 23

PDGF

Answer 23

Platelet-derived growth facor is made by blood cell fragments called platelets

Question 24

Density-dependent inhibition

Answer 24

Crowded cells will stop dividing

Question 25

Anchorage dependence

Answer 25

To divide cells must by attatched to eachother (substratum)

Question 26

What do cancer cells not exhibit?

Answer 26

Anchorage dependence or density-dependent inhibition

Question 27

In vitro

Answer 27

Experimental

Question 28

In vivo

Answer 28

In real life Not experimental