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AP Biology > Chapter 12 (trouble spots) > Flashcards

Chapter 12 (trouble spots) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gametes

A

Reproductive cells: sperm and eggs

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2
Q

Sister chromatids

A

Joined copies of the orginal chromosome

attached along their lengths by cohesions

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3
Q

Centromere

A

Waist of the duplicated chromosomes

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4
Q

Centrosome

A

Microtubule organizing center

Replicates during Interphase

Moves to opposite ends during prophase

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5
Q

Aster

A

Radical array of short microtubules

Extends from each centrosome

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6
Q

Kinetochores

A

Protein complexes associated with centromeres

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7
Q

What starts anaphase?

A

Cohesins are cleaved by an enzyme called separase

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8
Q

Nonkinetochore microtubules

A

Overlap and push against eachother, elongating the cell

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9
Q

Do motor proteins use ATP?

A

YES

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10
Q

When does cytokinesis begin?

A

During anaphase or telophase

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11
Q

Actin

A

makes up cleavage furrow

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12
Q

Golgi vesicles

A

Associated with cell plate

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13
Q

Origin of replication

A

Binary fission

Beginning

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14
Q

Binary fission

A
  1. Chromosomes replicate (starts with origin of replication)
  2. Two daughter chromosomes actively move apart
  3. Plasma membrane pinches the cell into two
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15
Q

Intermediate Mitotic Organization

A

Exhibited by protists

Intermediate between binary fission and mitosis, which proves an evolutionary link between them

Can reproduce without nuclear membrane breaking down

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16
Q

Dinoflagellates and Diatoms

A

Perform mitosis with an intact nuclear membrane

17
Q

CDKs need Cyclin

A

Good to know

18
Q

When is there the most cyclin?

A

Leading up to (G2) and in the beginning of the M phase

19
Q

What is formed when CDK and Cyclin combine?

A

MPF (mitosis promoting factor)

maturation promoting factor

20
Q

When is there the most MPF?

A

Right before M phase

21
Q

Cool thing about CDK and Cyclin?

A

Cyclin is degraded by CDK after it is done being used as MPF

22
Q

What does MPF do?

A

Trigger’s a cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase

23
Q

PDGF

A

Platelet-derived growth facor is made by blood cell fragments called platelets

24
Q

Density-dependent inhibition

A

Crowded cells will stop dividing

25
Q

Anchorage dependence

A

To divide cells must by attatched to eachother (substratum)

26
Q

What do cancer cells not exhibit?

A

Anchorage dependence or density-dependent inhibition

27
Q

In vitro

A

Experimental

28
Q

In vivo

A

In real life

Not experimental

AP Biology (13 decks)

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