Chapter 12 (trouble spots) Flashcards
Gametes
Reproductive cells: sperm and eggs
Sister chromatids
Joined copies of the orginal chromosome
attached along their lengths by cohesions
Centromere
Waist of the duplicated chromosomes
Centrosome
Microtubule organizing center
Replicates during Interphase
Moves to opposite ends during prophase
Aster
Radical array of short microtubules
Extends from each centrosome
Kinetochores
Protein complexes associated with centromeres
What starts anaphase?
Cohesins are cleaved by an enzyme called separase
Nonkinetochore microtubules
Overlap and push against eachother, elongating the cell
Do motor proteins use ATP?
YES
When does cytokinesis begin?
During anaphase or telophase
Actin
makes up cleavage furrow
Golgi vesicles
Associated with cell plate
Origin of replication
Binary fission
Beginning
Binary fission
- Chromosomes replicate (starts with origin of replication)
- Two daughter chromosomes actively move apart
- Plasma membrane pinches the cell into two
Intermediate Mitotic Organization
Exhibited by protists
Intermediate between binary fission and mitosis, which proves an evolutionary link between them
Can reproduce without nuclear membrane breaking down
Dinoflagellates and Diatoms
Perform mitosis with an intact nuclear membrane
CDKs need Cyclin
Good to know
When is there the most cyclin?
Leading up to (G2) and in the beginning of the M phase
What is formed when CDK and Cyclin combine?
MPF (mitosis promoting factor)
maturation promoting factor
When is there the most MPF?
Right before M phase
Cool thing about CDK and Cyclin?
Cyclin is degraded by CDK after it is done being used as MPF
What does MPF do?
Trigger’s a cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase
PDGF
Platelet-derived growth facor is made by blood cell fragments called platelets
Density-dependent inhibition
Crowded cells will stop dividing
Anchorage dependence
To divide cells must by attatched to eachother (substratum)
What do cancer cells not exhibit?
Anchorage dependence or density-dependent inhibition
In vitro
Experimental
In vivo
In real life
Not experimental
