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Home Economics > Chapter 36-Fibres And Fabrics > Flashcards

Chapter 36-Fibres And Fabrics Flashcards

1
Q

What are continuous filaments?

A

Very long fibres

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2
Q

What are staple fibres?

A

Very short fibres

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3
Q

Whats the difference between natural fubres and manufactured fibres?

A
  • natural fibres come from nature

- manufactured fibres are created from a mixture of raw materials

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4
Q

What are synthetic fibres made of?

A

Crude oil

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5
Q

What is regenerated fibres made from?

A

A mixture of natural substances such as wood.

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6
Q

What are the two types of natural fibres?

A
  • plant

- animal

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7
Q

What are the two types of manufactured fibres?

A
  • regenerated

- synthetic

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8
Q

What examples of plant fibres?

A
  • cotton

- linen

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9
Q

What are examples of animal fibres?

A
  • wool

- silk

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10
Q

What are examples of regenerated fibres?

A
  • viscose

- acetate

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11
Q

What are examples of synthetic fibres?

A
  • polyester

- acrylic

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12
Q

What are the stages of production of cotton?

A
  • cotton fibres come from the part of the cotton plant called boll or seed head.
  • the bolls are picked by hand or machine
  • the fibres are seperated from the seeds (ginning)
  • the fibres are pressed into bales
  • the cotton is graded according to the lengths of the fibres
  • fibres are combed and spun into yarn
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13
Q

What are some desirable propertie of cotton?

A
  • absorbent
  • cool
  • strong
  • easy to wash and dry
  • easy to dye and bleach
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14
Q

What are some undesirable properties of cotton?

A
  • creases
  • not very stretchy
  • burns easily
  • shrinks
  • damaged by mildew
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15
Q

What are some fabrics made from cotton?

A
  • flannelette
  • towelling
  • poplin
  • lawn
  • muslin
  • denim
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16
Q

Where does linen come from?

A

The flax plant

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17
Q

Where does flax grow?

A

In cool damp climates such as Ireland, Russia, France

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18
Q

What are the steps in the production of linen?

A
  • flax grows to about a metre in height and the stem are pulled up by their roots
  • stems are left to soak for several weeke to rot (retting)
  • the fibres are seperated from the woody parts
  • the fibres are combed and spun into yarn
  • long fibres produce fine yarn, short fibres produce coarse yarn
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19
Q

What are the desirable properties of linen?

A
  • absorbent
  • cool
  • strong
  • hardwearing
  • easily washed
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20
Q

What are the undesirable properties of linen?

A
  • creases easily
  • shrinks
  • burns easily
  • difficult to dye
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21
Q

What are some linen fabrics?

A
  • damask
  • canvas
  • cambric
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22
Q

What are the stages of production of wool?

A
  • the fleece is removed from the sheep
  • it is graded according to the colour, fineness and the length of the fibres
  • it is cleaned and combed (carding)
  • it is then spun into yarn
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23
Q

What are the desirable properties of wool?

A
  • warm
  • soft
  • absorbent
  • stretchy
  • resilient
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24
Q

What are the undesirable properties of wool?

A
  • shrinks if washed or dried carelessly
  • feels itchy beside he skin
  • pills
  • does not dry easily
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25
Q

What are some wool fabrics?

A
  • flannel
  • tweed
  • velour
  • jersey
  • Gabardine
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26
Q

What are the stages of production of silk?

A
  • the silk is produced from the silkworm
  • the silk moth lays eggs and the new worms feed on the leaves of the mulberry tree
  • the worms spin cocoons of silk
  • the cocoons are heated and soaked and the threads are removed
  • the threads are then wound into reels
  • the threads are spun into thicker yarn
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27
Q

What are the desirable properties of silk?

A
  • absorbent
  • lightweight yet warm
  • crease resistant
  • strong
  • smooth
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28
Q

What are the undesirable properties of silk

A
  • damaged by careless handling
  • flammable
  • damaged by moths
  • damaged by chemicals
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29
Q

What are some silk fabrics?

A
  • wild silk
  • slub silk
  • chiffon
  • satin
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30
Q

What are the steps of production of regenerated fibres?

A
  • cellulose from trees and cotton waste is pulped and mixed with chemicals
  • it is made into a thick liquid
  • the liquid is forced through tiny holes in a spinneret to make yarn
  • yarn is twisted and cut
31
Q

What are fibres?

A

Fibres are fine, hair-like substances. They form the basic part of any fabric.

32
Q

What are some uses of cotton?

A
  • clothes; jeans, sweatshirts, shirts, underwear, nightwear

- household; towels, sheets, duvet covers, curtains

33
Q

What are some uses of linen?

A

–clothes: •suits •dresses •shirts

-household: •tablecloths •napkins •sheets •tea towels

34
Q

What are the uses of wool?

A
  • clothes: •jumpers •coats •suits •dresses

- household: •blankets •carpets •rugs

35
Q

Uses of silk?

A

Clothes: •shirts •scarves •ties

Household: •curtains •cushions •throws

36
Q

What are some desirable properties of regenerated fabrics?

A
  • absorbent
  • easy to dye
  • cool
37
Q

What are some undesirable properties of regenerated fabrics?

A
  • crease easily

- not durable

38
Q

What are some regenrate fabrics?

A
  • viscose

- acetate

39
Q

What are some uses of regenerated fabrics?

A
  • lightweight clothes
  • tablecloths
  • napkins
  • curtains
40
Q

What are the steps in the production of synthetic fibres?

A
  • various chemicals from petroleum are mixed to produce a thick liquid
  • the liquid is forced through tint holes in a spinneret
  • long uniform fibres (continuous filaments) are twisted together to make smooth yarn
  • fibres can be cut into short (staple) fibres
41
Q

What are some desirable properties of synthetic fibres?

A
  • strong
  • elastic
  • durable
  • stretchy
  • crease resistant
42
Q

What are some undesirable propertie sof synthetic fibres?

A
  • do not absorb moisture
  • clingy
  • cause static
  • flammable
43
Q

What are some synthetic fabrics?

A
  • nylon
  • polyester
  • acrylic
  • PVC
  • elastane
44
Q

Uses of nylon?

A
  • tights
  • underwear
  • waterproof clothing
45
Q

What are the uses of polyester?

A
  • shirts
  • trousers
  • sheets
46
Q

What are the uses for acrylic?

A
  • jumpers
  • blankets
  • carpets
47
Q

What are the uses for PVC?

A
  • handbags
  • shower curtains
  • tableclothes
48
Q

What are the uses of elastane?

A
  • swimwear
  • leggings
  • lights
49
Q

Why are fabrics blended?

A

Various fabrics are combined to create fabrics with many desirable properties.

50
Q

What is denier?

A

Denier is used to describe the thickeness of manufactured fibres. The lower the number, the finer the yarn.

51
Q

Define spinning.

A

Spinning is the process of twisting fibres into yarn.

52
Q

What is the warp?

A

The thread that runs in the direction of the length of the fabric

53
Q

What is the weft?

A

The weft is the thread that runs the direction of the width of the fabric

54
Q

Define weaving.

A

Weaving is the interlacing of yarns at right angles to eachother.

55
Q

What is the straight grain?

A

The direction of the warp threads in a fabric. The straight grain should run diwn the length of an item e.g trousers

56
Q

What is the bias?

A

The diagonal line of a fabric. Clothes cut along the bias drape well.

57
Q

What is knitting?

A

Knitting means linking together loops of yarn into knots called stitches.

58
Q

What the advantages of knitted fabric?

A
  • stretchy
  • comfortable
  • warm
  • crease resistant
59
Q

What are no-woven fabrics?

A

Non-woven or bonded fabrics are made directly from fibres without being made into yarn. The fibres are held together using adhesive, heat, pressure or stitching.

60
Q

What are some advantages of non-wiven fabrics?

A
  • do not fray
  • are cheap to produce
  • keep their shape well
  • econonmical to use because there is no straight grain
61
Q

What are some disadvantages of no-woven fabrics?

A
  • do not wear well
  • felt is damaged by water
  • non-woven fabrics don’t trap air and therefore are not as warm as wool
62
Q

What is a dye?

A

A substance added to fabric to give it colour.

63
Q

What is printing?

A

Printing means applying colour and pattern to one side of the fabric only.

64
Q

What are the different types of printing?

A
  • block printing

- screen printing

65
Q

What are some different way of applying texture to fabric?

A
  • natural and manufactured yarns can be woven together and heat pressed
  • soft fibres such as mohair produce a textured fabric
  • shiny and metallic effects are produced by using synthetic fibres
  • textured yarns can be used to give a textured fabric
66
Q

What are fabric finishes?

A

A fabric finish is a chemical treatment applied to a fabric to improve its appearance or performance.

67
Q

What are seven fabric finishes?

A
  • brushing
  • flameproof
  • permanent pleating
  • waterprood
  • stain repellent
  • shrink resistant
  • crease resistant
68
Q

What is the purpose of brushing?

A

Makes a fabric feel softer and warmer

69
Q

What is the purpose of flameproof?

A

Makes fabric less flammable

70
Q

What is the purpose of permanent pleating?

A

-pleats don’t fall out, no need to iron

71
Q

What is the purpose of waterproof?

A

Prevents any water from getting through

72
Q

What is the purpose of shrink resistant?

A

Prevents shrinking

73
Q

What is the purpose of crease resistant?

A

Creases fall out more easily, less ironing required

Home Economics (20 decks)

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