Chapter 21 Flashcards
What are the two layers of skin?
The epidermis: outer layer
-the dermis: the inner layer
What does the Malapighian layer do?
Contains the pigment that protects the skin from the harmful rays of the sun
What is the dermis made up of?
- sweat glands; remove water+salt from the blood, goes out through the pores
- blood vessels provides skin with oxygen and nutrients
- nerves allow us to feel sensations
- oil glands moisten the skin
- hairs help keep the body warm
- fat cells insulate the body
Functions of skin
- excretory organ
- controls body temp
- physical barrier to microorganisms
- pigment protects body from harmful sun rays
- organ of touch
- vit D made by the skin in sunlight
Guidelines for healthy skin
- wash body everyday
- change underwear everyday
- avoid touching spots
- wash hands regularly
- cleanse, tone and moisturise face
What causes body odour?
Body odour is produced when bacteria on the skin works on sweat
What can be done to prevent over-exposure to the sun?
- wearing a wide brimmed hat&t-shirt
- avoiding going out in the sun from 11-3
- use high-protection sun cream
- don’t fall asleep in the sun
How many adult teeth are there!
32
What are the two main section of a tooth
- crown(visible part of the tooth)
- root(embedded in the gum)
What are the parts of the tooth?
- enamel
- dentine
- pulp cavity
- cementum
- periodontal fibres
What is enamel?
A hard substance that protects the tooth
What is dentine
A bone like substance under enamel
Pulp cavity
The space at the centre of the tooth which contains blood vessels and nerves
Cementum
The layer around the tooth which holds the tooth in place in the jaw
Periodontal fibres
These hold the tooth in the bone
What does plaque consist of?
Food particles, salvia and bacteria
What is tarter
Hardened plaque on teeth
How does tooth decay happen?
Bacteria present in the mouth acts on food particles to produce acid
What are some dental healthy products?
- dental floss
- fluoride toothpaste
- antiseptic mouth wash
- disclosing tablet
- interdental brush
What does a disclosing tablet do?
It shows the plaque on the teeth, making it easier to remove it by brushing
Interdental brush
Removes plaque between teeth
Guidelines for healthy teeth and gums
- avoid sugary foods and drinks between meals
- brush teeth properly at least twice a day
- visit your dentist regularly
- replace your toothbrush every 3 months
- use dental floss to clean between your teeth
- each crunchy foods such as raw fruit and vegetables
- eat a healthy diet which includes calcium for strong teeth
What is coronary heart disease?
When cholesterol builds up as deposits on the walls they become narrower, this can cause high blood pressure and a heart attack
What are factors that increase the risk of heart disease?
- heredity
- high-fat diet
- overweight
- lack of exercise
- smoking
- stress
- too much alcohol
What are the guidelines for reducing the risk or coronary heart disease?
- reduce foods high in saturated fat/cholesterol
- increase intake of polyunsaturated fat
- avoid overeating
- reduce alcohol consumption
- do not smoke
- exercise regularly
- avoid stress
