Chapter 13 Flashcards
What is the decision making process?
DECIDE
What does D stand for in the decision making process?
Define the decision to be made
What does E stand for in the decision making process?
Enquire about possible choices
What does C stand for in the decision making process?
Consider the choices
What does I stand for in the decision making process?
Investigate the results of different courses of action
What does the second D stand for in the decision making process
Decide on a plan and put it into action
What does the second E stand for in the decision making process?
Evaluate the results
What are the factors that influence our decisions?
- needs and wants
- resources
- values/priorities
- other people
- emotions
- fashion
- merchandising
- advertising
- culture
What is there to consider when shopping for goods and services?
- budget
- quality
- value
- design
- comfort
- environment
- maintenance
- purpose
- guaranteed
- safety
What are the different types of shopping outlets?
-department stores
-supermarkets
-multiple chain stores
-voluntary chains
–independent shops
-hypermarkets
-boutiques
–discount stores
-specialist shops
What are department stores?
Department stores stock a wide range of goods under one roof
Example of department store
Marks & Spencer’s
What are supermarkets?
Stock food and general goods
Advantage supermarket
Some stay open 24 hours
Supermarket disadvantage
There can be long queues
Supermarket example
Tesco
Multiple chain stores explain
These are countryside shops with a distinctive appearance and layout
Multiple chain stores advantage
Same layout in every shop
Multiple chain stores disadvantage
Meat can be processed and clothes can be poor quality and made by child labourers
Multiple chain stores example
Dunnes
Voluntary chains explain
Independently owned supermarket chains
Voluntary chains example
Centre
Independent shops explain
Small and offer personal service
Independent shops advantage
Stay open late
Independent shops disadvantage
Products can be expensive
Superstore/hypermarket explain
Huge shops that combine a department store and a supermarket
Superstore/hypermarket advantage
A wide range of stock
Superstore/hypermarket disadvantage
Hard to find a specific item
Boutiques explain
Specialist clothes shops
Boutiques advantage
Exclusive range of stock
Boutiques disadvantage
Expensive
Discount stores explain
These offer a limited range of goods at reduced prices
Discount stores advantage
Cheap
Discount stores disadvantage
Not very good quality
Discount stores example
Pound city
Specialist shop explain
They specialise in particular products
Specialist shop disadvantage
Hard to find as there are sparse
Specialist shop advantage
Staff know their trade
Changes in shopping practices
- increased competition equals better prices for the consumers
- fewer shops provide counter service
- more emphasis is placed on customer
- many shops open later, some 24 hours and many still open on a Sunday
- home delivery services are available
- widespread use of customer loyalty
Advantages of self-service
- Quick and convenient
- Prices are lower due to lower staff costs and bulk buying
- Customer has more time to spend on selection
- Wider range of products available
- Reduces queueing time
What is self-service?
The customer picks up the items they need and pays for them at the checkout
What is counter service?
The shopkeeper picked up the items and the customer paid for them
Disadvantages of self-service
- Less personal contact
- More temptation to impulse buy
- Credit is usually not available
- Sometimes the price of products isn’t labelled clearly
- Shoplifting is easier
Advantages of counter service
- Personal service
- Advice offered
- Credit sometimes offered
- Less effort for the shopper
- Less chance of shoplifting
Disadvantages of counter service
- Higher prices because of more staff
- Smaller selection of goods
- Longer queues
Techniques used in supermarkets to encourage consumers to buy more
- heavy goods are located at the entrance
- essentials like bread and milk are placed at the back
- essential items are placed on low shelves and luxuries are at eye level
- wide aisles allow customers to spend time browsing
- items that go together are often placed near each other
- sweets and magazines are located near the checkout to promote last-minute impulse buying
- coloured impression of healthy food
- aroma of freshly baked bread is circulated around the store
- the shop’s own-brand products are displayed neat those of the most expensive competitors
- food sampling encourages impulse buying
- the presence of in-stores ATMS
Guidelines for shopping
- always make a list and stick to it
- avoid going to the shop for just one item
- avoid impulse buying
- keep receipts for a while after purchasing
- bulk buy non-perishables
- shop around and compare prices
- look for quality & freshness
- check expiry date before buyers no
- avoid shopping when tired or hungry
- bring a shopping bag
Functions of packaging
- advertises the product
- protects the goods from damage
- carries bar codes
- keeps food hygienic and fresh
- provides info and instructions on product
Characteristics of good packaging
- strong
- waterproof
- light
- hygienic
- non-toxic
- biodegradable
- easy to open
- easy to reseal
Types of packaging
- glass
- paper
- metal
- plastic
Product labelling importance
- identifies the product
- advertises the product
- describes what the product is made of
- warns of the dangers of using or misusing the product
- gives advice on how to use and care for the product
- shows where the product was made from
- carryall barcodes
Disadvantages of packaging/overpackaging
- uses up valuable resources
- adds price to the product
- may be difficult to open
- can be deceptive (e.g a large packet may contain a small item)
- causes litter and pollution
What do barcodes do?
Barcodes give details of the products bought
(Size and brand) and price
What are own brands?
Some large shops use their own brands
What is unit pricing?
This is when certain unpacked foods such as fruit, vegetables, meat and fish are priced according to a unit of measurement
What are loss leaders?
When some products are sold at a loss in order to attract customers into the store but the ones inside have no been reduced
Advantages of paying with cash
-quick and easy
Disadvantages of cash
- can be lost or stolen
- inconvenient when paying for expensive items
Advantages of a credit card
-safe and convenient
Disadvantages of a credit card
- easy to overspend
- if it’s not paid it has a high interest
What is a 3V voucher?
-3V visa prepaid vouchers are disposable prepaid Visa numbers that can be used as a visa credit card
What is a debit card?
- money for taken out of current account, it is the persons own money
- safe and convenient
- person requires an account
