Chapter 36 Flashcards
1
Q
Transportation
A
Organisms transport materials within and between themselves
- Cellular Level
- Multicellular Level
2
Q
Cellular Level
A
- Passive: no energy; diffusion of solutes from high to low concentrations
- Active: requires energy; moves solutes against a concentration gradient
3
Q
Multicellular Level
A
- Short Distances/Diffusion
- through few cell layers to an adjacent cell - Long Distances
- transport system: reduces the distance between exchange surfaces
ex: gas, nutrients
4
Q
Animal Circulatory Systems (3)
A
- Parts: fluid, vessels, pumps
- Pump uses energy to increase the pressure of the fluid
- Fluid flows through vessels from high p to low p
- Connects aqueous environments of cells with organs that exchange cell gases, absorb nutrients and eliminat waste
- 3 Types of Circulation
5
Q
3 Circulatory Systems
A
- Open Circulatory System
- Closed Circulatory System
- Double Circulation
6
Q
Open Circulatory System (6)
A
- Circulatory fluid bathes organs directly
- Anthropods and most muscles
- Hemolymph is also an interstitial fluid
- Contains hemocytes, proteins, sugars
- Exchange between fluid and cells
7
Q
Closed Circulatory System (3)
A
- Circulatory fluid confined to vessels
- octopi, annelids, and vertebrates
- circulatory and intersitial fluids separate - Exchange between circulatory and intersitial fluid, and between intersitial fluid and cells (occurs in capillaries)
- Thin walls
8
Q
Double Circulation (4)
A
- Blood passes through two circuits powered by two combined pumps
- right side
- left side - Blood pressure and flow rate drop across capillary beds
- Capillaries are tiny but abundant, so the affected area is large
- Slow flow enables effective diffusion
9
Q
Right and Left Side Pumps
A
- Right-Side: moves blood to pulmonary circuit where it is oxygenated in lung capillaries
- Left-Side: moves blood to systematic capillaries where it is deoxygenated and binds CO2
10
Q
Plant Transport Systems
A
Water moves through plants by bulk flow and vascular tissues:
- Xylem
- Phloem
11
Q
Xylem (2)
A
- Conducts water and minerals from roots to shoots
- Flow driven by solar energy
12
Q
Phloem (2)
A
- Transports sugar-water from site of production to site of need
- No nucleus, ribosomes, sometimes vacuole; allowing easy water flow
13
Q
Water Movement (3)
A
- From high to low potential energy
- “Water Potential” *anchor symbol
- Potential energy is a sum of solute and pressure potential
14
Q
How is phloem flow driven by metabolism?
A
Plants spend ATP to drive water movement
