Chapter 31 Flashcards
1
Q
Kingdom Animalia (5)
A
- Also known as Metazoa
- Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes (ingest and digest)
- Lack cell walls and rely on proteins external to cell membrane for support and cell connection: collagen
- Reproductive
- Sexual cycles are typically diplontic with oogamy
2
Q
Collagen
A
Found in animals and choanoflagellates
3
Q
Reproduction
A
- Asexual reproduction occurs in a few groups
1. budding
2. parthenogenesis
4
Q
Porifera (Sponges) (6)
A
- ‘Colony’ of specialized cells
- Lack true tissues
- Suspension feeders
- water into spongocoel and out through osculum - Choanocytes (collar cells) - phagocytize food particles
- Amoebocytes - move nutrients to other cells and manufacture spicules
- Hermaphrodites
5
Q
- Eumetazoa (2)
A
- Tissue = groups of cells united in common structure and/or function
- Muscle and nerve tissue central to animal lifestyle - 4 Categories
6
Q
4 Categories of Eumetazoa
A
- Development
- Diploblasts
- Radial Symmetry
- Cnidarians & Ctenophores
7
Q
Development (2)
A
- Cleavage:
- Mitotic cell divisions without cell growth typically result in blastula (multicellular hollow ball) - Gastrulation:
- Layers of embryonic germ tissues that form tissues and organs are produced
8
Q
Diploblasts (2)
A
Two Germ Layers:
- Ectoderm (outer)
- outer covering (dermis)
- in some groups the central nervous tissue - Endoderm (inner)
- the lining of the digestive tract
- in some groups of organs such as liver, lungs etc.
9
Q
Radial Symmetry (2)
A
- Top and bottom, but no front/back, or left/right
2. Single Opening - mouth/anus on dorsal surface
10
Q
Cnidarians & Ctenophores (2)
A
Two forms of Cnidarians
- Polyp: sessile, attached to what waits for prey (ex: sea anemone)
- Medusa: moves in the water to catch prey (ex: jellyfish)
11
Q
- Bilateria (3)
A
- Bilateral Symmetry: One axis of symmetry
- Typically motile and develops sensory tissues at anterior end including concentration of the nervous tissue (‘brain’ - cephalization)
- 2 Sub-Categories:
- Tripoblastic
- Two modes of early development
12
Q
Triploblastic (2)
A
Three germ layers, including a mesoderm
- Produces muscles and most other organs between dermis and digestive tracts
- Often forms coelom (body cavity) between dermis and digestive tract
13
Q
Two Modes of Early Development (2)
A
- Protosome
2. Deuterosome
14
Q
Protosome (3)
A
- Spiral and determinate
- Division diagonal to vertical axis and fate is cast very early
- Mesoderm cells split to form coelom and Blastopore becomes mouth)
15
Q
Deuterosome (3)
A
- Radial and intermediate
- Division parallel or perpendicular to vertical axis and fate is cast late
- Coelom forms as mesoderm grows and folds and blastopore becomes anus
