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BIOL1012 > Chapter 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Flashcards

1
Q

Algae (2)

A
  • All photosynthetic eukaryotes except land plants

- Roughly 50% of the primary productivity on earth

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2
Q

Algae vs. Aquatic Plants (2)

A
  1. Different Evolutionary Lineages
    - Aquatic plants are ‘land plants’
  2. Morphology/Anatomy
    - Algae are non-vascular and lack true roots, while aquatic plants have specialized tissue development and roots
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3
Q

What did land plants evolve from?

A

Green Algae!

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4
Q

3 Shared Traits - Land Plants and Green Algae

A

Charophytes

  1. Rings of cellulose
  2. Structure of flagellated sperm
  3. Phragmoplast Formation: microtubules organize the production of the cell plate in dividing cell
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5
Q

5 Challenges of Living on Land

A
  1. Gravity
    - lining for support/structure
  2. Dessiciation
    - waxy surfaces, cells to protect gametes and spores
  3. Dispersal
    - adaptations for gametes and spores
  4. CO2 abundant but waxy surfaces impede absorption
    - pores for gas exchange
  5. Light Abundant but Competitive
    - vascular tissue moves resources around
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6
Q

Origin of Non-Vascular Plants - Derived Traits (5)

A
  1. Roots and shoots: apical growth through the continued division of specialized cells
  2. Alternation of generations: dominated by gametophyte in nonvascular plants
  3. Multicellular Gametangia
  4. Multicellular dependent embryos - multicellular diploid zygote retained and nourished by female gametophyte
  5. Walled spores produced in sporangia
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7
Q

Multicellular Gametangia (2)

A

Antheridia: sperm
Archegonia: egg surrounded by protective cells; fertilization takes place within archegonium

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8
Q

Highlights of Plant Evolution (2)

A
  1. Non-Vascular Plants (Bryophytes)
  2. Seedless Vascular Plants
    * Diagram on slides
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9
Q

Non-Vascular Plants

A

-life cycle dominated by gametophytes

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10
Q

Seedless Vascular Plants (3)

A
  1. First plants to grow tall
  2. Vascular Tissue
  3. Sporophyte dominant but still dependent on H2O for sperm dispersal
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11
Q

Vascular Tissue (5)

A
  1. Xylem
  2. Phloem
  3. Roots
  4. Leaves
  5. Sporophylls
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12
Q

Xylem

A

Tracheids (tube-shaped cells)

  • walls contain lignin (strength)
  • conducts water and minerals up from roots
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13
Q

Phloem

A

Cells arranged into tubes

  • plants can get taller
  • move organic products throughout the plant
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14
Q

Roots

A

Lignified & penetrate soil

  • absorbs nutrients
  • anchors plants
  • storage
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15
Q

Leaves

A

Surface area for photosynthesis and CO2 capture

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16
Q

Sporophylls

A

Modifies leaves on which sporangia are produced

17
Q

Significance of Seedless Vascular Plants (3)

A
  • Dramatically changes the atmospheric composition (reduced co2)
  • Contributes to global cooling/glaciations
  • Influenced by the environment for other species, thus impacting their evolution

BIOL1012 (24 decks)

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