Chapter 25 & 28

Question 1

Early Eukaryotic Evolution

Answer 1

Oldest unicellular: 2.1 billion years
Oldest multicellular: 1.2 billion years
-cellular differentiation and reproduction evident
-likely red alga, found in Canadian Arctic

Question 2

Key Eukaryotic Innovations (5)

Answer 2

1. Cytoskeleton
2. Compartments
3. Endomembrane system
4. Organelles
5. Mitosis, diploidy, meiosis and sex

Question 3

Cytoskeleton

Answer 3

-Shape and organelle position
MOVEMENT:
Internal:
-cytoplasmic streaming 
-mitosis and meiosis 
External: 
-flagella 
-pseudopods (amoeboid motion)
PHAGOTROPHY

Question 4

Compartmentalization

Answer 4

-Increases surface area
-Maintains variety of internal environments
1. ENDOMEMBRANE:
-endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope, Golgi etc.
2. ENDOGENOUS:
-origin: invagination of the plasma membrane
3. MITOCHONDRIA:
Primary endosymbiont Hypothesis:
-early eukaryotic engulfed aerobic prokaryotic and established a symbiotic relationship rather than digesting

Question 5

FINISH THIS TOMORROW IN NOTES

Answer 5

:)