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BIOL1012 > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

1
Q

Protists (General Term) (3)

A
  • Most are unicellular, some colonial and multicellular
  • More structural and functional diversity than other eukaryotes (all functions carried out by organelles)
  • Do not represent a monophyletic group
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2
Q

Nutritional Diversity of Protists (3)

A
  1. Photoautotrophs
  2. Chemoheterotrophs
  3. Mixotrophs - photoautotrophy and chemoheterotrophy
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3
Q

Protists - 4 Eukaryotic Supergroups

A
  1. Excavata
  2. SAR Clade
  3. Archaeplastida
  4. Unikonta
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4
Q
  1. Excavata (3 Sub-Groups)
A
  • Diplomonads/Parabasalids

- Euglenozoa

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5
Q

Diplomonads/Parabasalids (4)

A
  • No plastids
  • Modified mitochondria
  • Many prefer anaerobic environments
  • Many are parasites
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6
Q

Euglenozoa (3)

A
  • Proteinaceous plates (pellicles)
  • Photoautotrophic, mixotrophic, chemoheterotrophs
  • Flagella: internal crystalline rod & rows of stiff hairs (pulls cells)
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7
Q
  1. SAR Clade (3 Sub-Groups)
A
  • Stramenopiles
  • Alveolates
  • Rhizarians
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8
Q

Stramenopiles (3)

A
  • Two flagella; one with fine hairlike projections, other smooth; sometimes only found on reproductive structures
  • Many cells found in the ocean - doubles every day
  • Extracted for energy production - released more rapidly when buried
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9
Q

Stramenopiles Sub-Groups (3)

A
  1. Diatoms
  2. Golden Algae
  3. Brown Algae
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10
Q

Diatoms (5)

A
  • highly diverse
  • unicellular and colonial
  • Silica Frustules: counteracts with spines and lipids
  • 25% of the primary productivity on Earth
  • fossil deposits mined for diatomaceous earth
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11
Q

Golden Algae (3)

A
  • unicellular and complex colonies
  • resistant cysts
  • indicator fossils (cysts) to predict past climate change
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12
Q

Brown Algae (5)

A
  • multicellular, mostly marine
  • thallus: body
  • holdfast: anchor
  • stripe: stemlike
  • blade: leaflike
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13
Q

Alveolates

A
  • Series of sacs (alveoli) under plasma membranes

- Come back to Figure 28.1 in the textbook!

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14
Q

Alveolates Sub-Groups (2)

A
  1. Dinoflagellates

2. Apicomplexans

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15
Q

Dinoflagellates (2)

A
  • heterotrophic, mixotrophic and photosynthetic

- ex: red tides

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16
Q

Apicomplexans (4)

A
  • apical complex for penetrating host tissues
  • mostly parasites of animals (multiple hosts)
  • only ancestrally photosynthetic
  • plasmodium = malaria
17
Q

Rhizarians (2)

A
  • Many species in this group are amoebas that feed using pseudopodia
  • Also includes flagellated mon-amoeboid protists that also feed with pseudopodia
18
Q

Rhizarians Sub-Group

A

Foraminiferans

19
Q

Foraminiferans (5)

A
  • have porous shells called tests
  • single-celled but up to several cms
  • pseudopodia extend through pores to aid swimming and feeding
  • abundant in the fossil record
  • informs studies on past climate
20
Q
  1. Archaeplastida (3)
A
  • Includes red algae, chlorophytes, charophytes, and land plants
  • unicellular and multicellular
  • the base of the food web in many aquatic communities
21
Q

Archaeplastida Sub-Groups (3)

A
  1. Red Algae
  2. Chlorophytes
  3. Charophytes
22
Q

Red Algae (3)

A
  • no flagellated gametes at any stage of their life cycle
  • 6000 species, mostly marine
  • typically smaller
23
Q

Chlorophytes

A

-Have a chloroplast structure similar to land plants

24
Q

Charophytes

A

-Most closely related to land plants

25
Q
  1. Unikonta
A
  • Currently argued whether or not this is actually the first lineage to diverge from other eukaryotes
  • Slime Molds
26
Q

Slime Molds (3)

A
  • large, but still a single cell
  • divided by plasma membranes and has many nuclei
  • many mitotic nuclear divisions that are not followed by cytokinesis

BIOL1012 (24 decks)

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