Chapter 34

Question 1

What are the main groups of reptiles?

Answer 1

Turtles, snakes, tuatara, lizard, alligator, birds

Question 2

What are the defining characteristic for birds?

Answer 2

Feathers, hollow bones (still really strong), Have air sacs

Question 3

What type of group is reptilia including birds?

Answer 3

Monophyletic group

Question 4

What is the Archaeopteryx?

Answer 4

It is a prehistoric bird where we have fossil evidence.

Question 5

What are some characteristics of the Archaeopteryx?

Answer 5

They mostly all have primitive structures like toothed beaks, wing claws/ had fingers, Longer tails with many vertebrae to help with aerodynamics.

Question 6

What is the Hoatzin?

Answer 6

(Pronounced “Watson”) It is a type of bird where the chicks still have fingers on its wings.

Question 7

What type of birds are considered the most primitive?

Answer 7

Ratites

Question 8

What do Ratites consist of?

Answer 8

Ostrich, Emu, Rheas, Cassowaries, Kiwis.

Question 9

What are some characteristics of Ratites?

Answer 9

Lack of flight muscles and a keel. (A keel is a bone where muscles attach to provide flight.)

Question 10

What are some orders of birds?

Answer 10

Passeriformes (songbirds), Struthianiformes (know them as Ratites), Anseriformes (geese, swans, and ducks), Falconiformes (Hawks, eagles, and vultures), Trochiliformes (hummingbirds).

Question 11

What is the Wallace Line?

Answer 11

There is a line that separated two regions like Australian Region and Asian Region this led to hypothesis of something keeping those land masses separate (plate techtonics)

Question 12

Why is there the Wallace Line?

Answer 12

They found that the birds and other species in Borneo was more similar to mainland Asia instead of the other land masses closer to Borneo.

Question 13

What characteristics of Mammals?

Answer 13

Mammals had mammary glands, they give birth to offspring and they have hair.

Question 14

What are monotrematas?

Answer 14

They are mammals that lay eggs. The group of mammals of egg laying animals. (Kidnus and platypus.)

Question 15

What are Marsupialia?

Answer 15

Mostly from Southern hemisphere.

Question 16

What are some characteristics of marsupials?

Answer 16

They have pouches, dont have placenta and they usually give birth to premature offspring.

Question 17

What are some examples of Marsupials?

Answer 17

Kangaroos, Young brushtail possum, greater bilby

Question 18

What are the uses of the pouch?

Answer 18

They grow pouches to keep young in to feed them until fully grown.

Question 19

What are 8 orders of mammals?

Answer 19

Monotremata, Marsupials, Carnivora (dogs, cats, wolves, bears), Rodentia (squirrel, mice, rats, beavers), Primates (Lemurs, monkeys, gorilla), Lagomorp (rabbits, hares), Proboscidea (elephants), Chiroptera (Bats)

Question 20

What are Anthropoids?

Answer 20

Animals that look like humans.

Question 21

What are humans within the primate group?

Answer 21

Humans are great apes and are old world monkeys.

Question 22

What are the two type of Monkeys?

Answer 22

Old world and New world monkeys.

Question 23

What are the differences between New world and Old world monkeys?

Answer 23

New world monkeys can use tails to hang and swing old world cant.
Nose of old world monkeys point down.

Question 24

What are some examples of Great apes?

Answer 24

Gorilla, Orangutan, Gibbon, Chimpanzees, Bonobos

Question 25

What is Paleoanthropology?

Answer 25

The study of “old humans”

They are a well funded science in the world.

Question 26

What are the four species of “humans” we should know.

Answer 26

Homosapiens, Homoneaderthalensis, Homoerectus, Australopithecus afarensis.

Question 27

What is the defining characteristic of humans?

Answer 27

Self awareness and creativity.

Question 28

What is the problem with correlating Mean brain volume with being smart?

Answer 28

Having bigger mean brain volume does not mean you are smarter. Bigger scale yes because there is a huge increase from past, but at a smaller scale no.