Chapter 34 Flashcards
What are the main groups of reptiles?
Turtles, snakes, tuatara, lizard, alligator, birds
What are the defining characteristic for birds?
Feathers, hollow bones (still really strong), Have air sacs
What type of group is reptilia including birds?
Monophyletic group
What is the Archaeopteryx?
It is a prehistoric bird where we have fossil evidence.
What are some characteristics of the Archaeopteryx?
They mostly all have primitive structures like toothed beaks, wing claws/ had fingers, Longer tails with many vertebrae to help with aerodynamics.
What is the Hoatzin?
(Pronounced “Watson”) It is a type of bird where the chicks still have fingers on its wings.
What type of birds are considered the most primitive?
Ratites
What do Ratites consist of?
Ostrich, Emu, Rheas, Cassowaries, Kiwis.
What are some characteristics of Ratites?
Lack of flight muscles and a keel. (A keel is a bone where muscles attach to provide flight.)
What are some orders of birds?
Passeriformes (songbirds), Struthianiformes (know them as Ratites), Anseriformes (geese, swans, and ducks), Falconiformes (Hawks, eagles, and vultures), Trochiliformes (hummingbirds).
What is the Wallace Line?
There is a line that separated two regions like Australian Region and Asian Region this led to hypothesis of something keeping those land masses separate (plate techtonics)
Why is there the Wallace Line?
They found that the birds and other species in Borneo was more similar to mainland Asia instead of the other land masses closer to Borneo.
What characteristics of Mammals?
Mammals had mammary glands, they give birth to offspring and they have hair.
What are monotrematas?
They are mammals that lay eggs. The group of mammals of egg laying animals. (Kidnus and platypus.)
What are Marsupialia?
Mostly from Southern hemisphere.
What are some characteristics of marsupials?
They have pouches, dont have placenta and they usually give birth to premature offspring.
What are some examples of Marsupials?
Kangaroos, Young brushtail possum, greater bilby
What are the uses of the pouch?
They grow pouches to keep young in to feed them until fully grown.
What are 8 orders of mammals?
Monotremata, Marsupials, Carnivora (dogs, cats, wolves, bears), Rodentia (squirrel, mice, rats, beavers), Primates (Lemurs, monkeys, gorilla), Lagomorp (rabbits, hares), Proboscidea (elephants), Chiroptera (Bats)
What are Anthropoids?
Animals that look like humans.
What are humans within the primate group?
Humans are great apes and are old world monkeys.
What are the two type of Monkeys?
Old world and New world monkeys.
What are the differences between New world and Old world monkeys?
New world monkeys can use tails to hang and swing old world cant.
Nose of old world monkeys point down.
What are some examples of Great apes?
Gorilla, Orangutan, Gibbon, Chimpanzees, Bonobos
What is Paleoanthropology?
The study of “old humans”
They are a well funded science in the world.
What are the four species of “humans” we should know.
Homosapiens, Homoneaderthalensis, Homoerectus, Australopithecus afarensis.
What is the defining characteristic of humans?
Self awareness and creativity.
What is the problem with correlating Mean brain volume with being smart?
Having bigger mean brain volume does not mean you are smarter. Bigger scale yes because there is a huge increase from past, but at a smaller scale no.
