Chapter 24 Flashcards
What is significant about the Cormorants?
They are split into two different species because one is closely related to the flying Cormorants found in the Americas but they evolved into a flightless bird on the Galapagos islands.
What is speciation?
its the process where two species split into two or more species.
What is allopatric speciation?
Geographic separation that when separated long enough, a species will breed separately and have mutations where they will not be able to reproduce or speciate if they ever got back together. Accumulation of mutation will be different when separated
Diversity and the biological species concept is…
Similarity between different species (Like the eastern and western Meadowlark; also a good example of a sibling species)
Diversity within a species (different races as humans)
- The differences within a group is greater than between groups
What is an example of an allopatric speciation?
Millsae and nuttingi are the most closely related shrimp but live on opposite sides of the Isthmus of Panama.
What are reproductive barriers?
Habitat (one prefers water while the other prefers land)
Temporal (different mating seasons)
Behavioral (Courtship dance of Blue-footed boobies)
Mechanical (just dont have the genitalia to reproduce)
Gametic (sperm will not fertilize another species)
Reduced Hybrid Viability (hybrids will not be healthy enough)
Reduced hybrid fertility (Hybrids will become sterile like a mule)
Hybrid breakdown
What is Polyploidy?
When there are more than 2 sets of chromosomes; When a species may originate from an accident during cell division that results in extra sets of chromosomes
- Its an example of speciation happening in one generation.
- seem to happen more in plants
