Chapter 32 - Animal Behaviour

Question 1

What is a behaviour?

Answer 1

A response from the nervous system, reacting to stimulus

Question 2

What system carries out the nervous system’s response to stimulus?

Answer 2

The muscular or hormonal systems

Question 3

What are some things behaviour can help an animal with?

Answer 3

Obtaining food
Finding a sex partner
Maintaining homeostasis

Question 4

What is behaviour influenced by?

Answer 4

Natural selection

Question 5

Define: Ethology

Answer 5

The study of animal behavior, mainly in natural environments

Question 6

Define: Behavioral ecology

Answer 6

The study of the ecologiacl and evolutionary basis for animal behavior

Question 7

What two things does proximate causation focus on?

Answer 7

What is the environmental simuli triggering a behaviour

What genetic, physiological, and anatomical mechanisms behind a behaviour

Question 8

What does ultimate causation focus on?

Answer 8

The evolutionary significance of a behaviour

Question 9

Define: Fixed action pattern

Answer 9

A series of unchangeable behaviours that are unlearned and innate

Question 10

What happens once fixed action plans are initiated?

Answer 10

They are carried to completion

Question 11

What causes the innitiation of a fixed action pattern?

Answer 11

An external cue known as a sign stimulus

Question 12

What is migration?

Answer 12

A regular long distance location change

Question 13

What three ways can animals orient themselves?

Answer 13

Position of sun and their circadian clock
The position of the North Star
Earth’s magnetic field

Question 14

Define: Circadian clock

Answer 14

An internal 24 hour clock in animals that is an integral part of their nervous system

Question 15

What are behaviours such as migration and reproduction linked to?

Answer 15

Changing seasons or a circannual rhythm

Question 16

What is a circannual rhythm?

Answer 16

A daily cycle of rest and activity

Question 17

What other cycle are behaviours linked to?

Answer 17

Lunar cycle (moon)

Question 18

Define: SIgnal

Answer 18

A behaviour that causes a change in another animal’s behaviour

Question 19

Define: Communication

Answer 19

The transmission and reception of signals

Question 20

How do animals communicate? (4)

Answer 20

Visual, chemical, tactile, and auditory signals

Question 21

The type of signal is closely related to …

Answer 21

Lifestyle and environment

Question 22

What do bees round dances signal?

Answer 22

Food close by

Question 23

What do bees waggle dance signal

Answer 23

Food far away

Question 24

Look at coding directions for waggle dance

Answer 24

Seriously. Look at them.

Question 25

What kind of chemical substances do many animals use to communicate?

Answer 25

Pheromones

Question 26

Pheromones are effective at …

Answer 26

very low concentrations

Question 27

Define: Innate Behaviour

Answer 27

Behaviour which is fixed developmentally and is strongly influenced by genetics.

Question 28

Define: Learning

Answer 28

Behaviours being modified based of specific experiences

Question 29

Define: Habituation

Answer 29

A form of learning where an animal gets used to a stimuli and eventually stops reacting to it

Question 30

Examples of habituation

Answer 30

Sea hares

Orphaned moose calves

Question 31

What is imprinting?

Answer 31

A behaviour including learning and innate components which is generally irreversible

Question 32

Define: Sensitive period

Answer 32

A specific developmental phase which is the only time specific behavioyrs can be learned

Question 33

Connect: Impriting and Sensitive period

Answer 33

Imprinting can only occur during the sensitive period

Question 34

Example of imprinting

Answer 34

Young birds following their mothers

Question 35

Define: Spacial Learning

Answer 35

Modified behaviour based on experience with spatial structure in an environment

Question 36

Example of spatial learning

Answer 36

Digger Wasps