Chapter 26/35 - Plants

Question 1

How long was Earth without terrestrial life

Answer 1

3 billion years

Question 2

Roughly how many living plant species are there

Answer 2

290,000 species

Question 3

What do plants supply

Answer 3

Oxygen

Question 4

What green algae are related to plants

Answer 4

Charophytes (Charophyceans)

Question 5

What major group of Eukarya do Carophytes fall under

Answer 5

Archaeplastids

Question 6

What group is most closely related to land plants

Answer 6

Charophytes

Question 7

Are land plants descended from modern charophytes

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Who do land plants share a common ancestor with

Answer 8

Modern carophytes

Question 9

What protects exposed zygotes in charophytes from drying out

Answer 9

A durable polymer called sporopollenin

Question 10

What does sporopollenin do for land plants

Answer 10

Encases their spores

Question 11

What did the movement of charophyte ancestors onto land provide

Answer 11

Unfiltered sun
More plentiful CO2
Nutrient rich soil
Few herbivores or pathogens

Question 12

What challenges did land present to charophyte ancestors

Answer 12

Scarcity of water

Lack of structural support

Question 13

What is thought to have opened the way to the appearance of plants (traits, non specific)

Answer 13

The accumulation of traits that facilitated on land

Question 14

What are systematists currently debating about the plant kigdom

Answer 14

The boundaries

Question 15

What group do some biologists think should be included in the plant kingdom

Answer 15

Green algae

Question 16

Five key traits in nearly all land plants that are absent in charophytes

Answer 16

Alternation of generations
Walled spores to produce sporangia
Multicellular gametangia
Apical meristems
Cuticles and mycorrhizae

Question 17

What is it called when plants alternate between multicellular stages

Answer 17

Alternation of generations

Question 18

Is the gametophyte haploid or diploid

Answer 18

Haploid

Question 19

Fusion in gametes gives rise to what?

Answer 19

The diploid sporophyte.

Question 20

What does the diploid sporophyte produce and through what means?

Answer 20

Haploid spores, through meiosis.

Question 21

The diploid embryo is retained in the tissue of what?

Answer 21

The female gametophyte.

Question 22

What do placental transfer cells do?

Answer 22

They transfer nutrients from parent to embryo.

Question 23

What are embryophytes?

Answer 23

They are land plants.

Question 24

why are they called embryophytes?

Answer 24

They are dependent on the embryo that develops from the zygote of the parent plant.

Question 25

What are sporangia?

Answer 25

Organs that produce spores through the sporophyte.

Question 26

What do diploid sporophytes undergo?

Answer 26

Meiosis to generate haploid spores.

Question 27

What do spore walls contain?

Answer 27

Sporopollenin.

Question 28

What does sporopollenin do?

Answer 28

Make spore walls resistant to harsh environments.

Question 29

Where are gametes produced?

Answer 29

In organs called gametangia.

Question 30

What are archegonia?

Answer 30

Female gametangia- they produce eggs.

Question 31

Where is the site of fertilization in plants (all plants or specific types??) ?

Answer 31

Archegonia

Question 32

What are antheridia?

Answer 32

Male gametangia, the site of sperm production

Question 33

How do plants sustain continual growth?

Answer 33

In their apical meristems.

Identify in picture!

Question 34

Cells from apical meristems differentiate into….

Answer 34

Various tissues.

Question 35

What are the oldest fossilized spores and tissue that have been extracted?

Answer 35

475 million year old rocks!!!!!!

Question 36

What gave rise to a vast diversity of modern plants?

Answer 36

The ancestral species of the fossilized spores and tissues

Question 37

How are land plants informally grouped?

Answer 37

Into vascular plants (w/ vessels) and vascular plants (or bryophytes)

Question 38

What phylum do bryophytes contain?

Answer 38

Hepatophyta, Bryophyta, Anthocerophyta (What are common names)

Question 39

What phylum do seedless vascular pants contain?

Answer 39

Lycophyta, Pterophyta (common name)

Question 40

Gymnosperms phylums:

Answer 40

Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta, Coniferophyta (common)

Question 41

Angiosperm phylums:

Answer 41

Angiosperms=Anthophytes,

Monocots, Eudicots (Common names)

Question 42

Bryophytes are:

Answer 42

herbaceous (nonwoody) plants

Question 43

Mosses are most closely related to….

Answer 43

Vascular plants

Question 44

Non vascular plants: life dominated by….

Answer 44

Gametophyte (occasionally a sporophyte)

Question 45

Where do mosses inhabit????

Answer 45

Diverse, sometimes extreme environments…. but most common in moist forests and wetlands like…… (THE BOG)

Question 46

“Peat moss” scientific name

Answer 46

Sphagnum

Question 47

Why is sphagnum important

Answer 47

global reservoir of organic carbon!!!!!!!!!!

Question 48

Fossils of the forerunners of vascular plants date back about?

Answer 48

420 million years.

Question 49

These early tiny vascular plants had what!?

Answer 49

Independent, branching sporophytes

Question 50

Living vascular plants are characterized:

Answer 50

Life cycles with dominant sporophytes
Vascular tissues called xylem and phloem
Well-developed roots to anchor plants and absorb nutrients and leaves for photosynthesis

Question 51

in contrast to bryophtes, sporophytes of seedless vascular plants are…

Answer 51

the larger generation

Question 52

The gametophytes are tiny plants that grow…

Answer 52

on or below the soil surface.