Chapter 24 - Protists Flashcards
What does the name “Protist” refer to?
It is the informal name of the kingdom of mainly unicellular, microscopic eukaryotes
What sets protists apart from prokaryotes
They have organelles and are more complex
Are protists unicellular
Most are, but they can also be colonial or multicellular
Why can single celled protists be very complex
All biological functions have to be carried out by the organelles in every individual cell
What kind of diversity sets protists apart from other eukaryote groups
They exhibit more structural and functional diversity, as well as being the most nutritionally diverse
How do protists reproduce
They can reproduce either asexually or through the sexual processes of meiosis and fertilization
What 3 groups do prtists fall in to when it come to nutrition
Photoautotroph, containing chloroplasts
Heterotrophs, which abosb organic molecules or ingest larger food particles
Mixotrophs, which combine both previous methods
How is our understanding of the relationships between protist groups
Our understanding is changing rapidly
How does our hypothesis divide eukaryotes
It divides them into 5 supergroups
Which is a paraphyletic group and which is no longer a kingdom:
Protists, Protista
Paraphyletic: Protists
Not a Kingdom: Protista
What are the 5 subsections of the protist taxonomy
Plantae Excavates Rhizarian Unikonts Chromalveolates
What characterizes Excavates
Cytoskeleton
Motified miochondria
Unique flagella
What is a unique characteristic of some members of Excavates
Some members have a feeding groove
What are 3 members of the group Excavates
Diplomonads
Parabasalids
Kinetoplastids
How do Diplomonads derive energy
Anaerobically by methods such as glycolysis
What motified organelle is found in Diplomonads
Motified mitochondria, known as mitosomes
What two features of diplomonads are of equal size
The nuclei and multipl flagella
What kind of organisms are Diplomonads
They are often parasites,
e.g Giardia intestinalis
What modified organelle do Parabasalids have
Reduced mitochondria that generate energy without oxygen
What is an example of a Parabasalid
Trichomonas vaginalis
What doe Trichomonas vaginalis do
It’s causes Trich STD infection that feed of vaginal linings and can infect male urethras
What do Kinetoplastids have
A single mitochondrion with an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast
Where do Kinetoplastids live
In freshwater, marine, and moist terrestrial ecosystems
What other organisms are considered Kinetoplastids
Free-living consumers of prokaryotes in wet places
What is an example of a Kinetoplast
Trypanosoma, which causes sleeping sickness in humans
What does data suggest about the clade Chromalveolata
That it is monophyletic and originated by secondary endosymbosis
What endosymbiont proposed for the developmet of Chromalveolata is
Red algea
What are Dinoflagellates
Aquatic and marine phytoplankton
What is the mode of nutrition fro Dinoflagellates
Mixotrophic and heterotrophic
What do Dinoflagellate blooms cause
Toxic “red tides”
What group do Dinoflagellates belong to
Chromalveolata
What kind of a group are Ciliates
They are a large group of Chromalveolata
How do Ciliates and feed
Using cilia
What is the structure of Ciliate nuceli
They have both a macronuclei and a micronuclei
Is conjugation reproductive in Ciliates
No, they reproduce by binary fission
Describe a Diatom
Uni-cellular algea
Unique two-part, glass-like wall of hydrated silica