Chapter 31

Question 1

sleep influences…

Answer 1

• memory
• mood
• cognitive function
• immune function
• body temp

Question 2

rapid eye movement sleep

Answer 2

• REM
• time in which you dream
• period of a high level of activity

Question 3

non-rapid eye movement sleep

Answer 3

• NREM
• the time when the body receives the most rest
• HR, BP, and respirations decrease

Question 4

stages of NREM sleep

Answer 4

stage 1: transition stage
stage 2: deep sleep
stage 2: delta sleep

Question 5

light muscle relaxation, few minutes

Answer 5

transition stage

Question 6

brain activity increases, 10-20 min

Answer 6

deep sleep (stage 2)

Question 7

brain waves slow down, HR and respirations slow down, last 15-30 min

Answer 7

delta stage

Question 8

sleep requirements

Answer 8

• newborns= at least 16 hrs. per day
• 1 yr.= 12-14 hrs per day
• school aged= 10-11 hrs per night
• adolescents= 9-1 hrs per night
• adults= 7-7.5 hrs per night

Question 9

factors affecting sleep

Answer 9

• people who work evening
• students
• jet lag
• people who snore
• stress/illness

Question 10

difficulty in getting to sleep or staying asleep at night

Answer 10

insomnia

Question 11

type of insomnia caused by stress

Answer 11

transient insomnia

Question 12

type of insomnia that may be the result of an underlying medical, behavioral problem

Answer 12

chronic insomnia

Question 13

condition in which the person stops breathing for brief periods during sleep

Answer 13

sleep apnea

Question 14

types of sleep apnea

Answer 14

• obstructive
• central
• mixed-complex

Question 15

sudden-onset recurrent, uncontrollable brief episodes of sleep during normal hrs of the day

Answer 15

narcolepsy

Question 16

central apnea

Answer 16

caused by a failure of the brain to communicate w/the respiratory muscles

Question 17

obstructive apnea

Answer 17

caused by a relaxation of the soft tissues

Question 18

mixed-complex

Answer 18

a combination of obstructive and central sleep apnea

Question 19

melatonin

Answer 19

can enhance sleep hours

Question 20

feeling of discomfort strong enough to be intrusive and to affect or interfere with normal activity

Answer 20

pain

Question 21

endogenous, naturally occurring opiate like peptides that reduce or block the perception of pain

Answer 21

endorphins

Question 22

four nociceptive pain phases

Answer 22

• transduction
• transmission
• perception
• modulation

Question 23

tissue damage causes the release of substances that stimulate the nociceptors and start the sensation of pain

Answer 23

transduction

Question 24

involves movement of the pain sensation to the spinal cord

Answer 24

transmission

Question 25

occurs when pain impulses reach the brain and the pain is recognized

Answer 25

perception

Question 26

occurs when neurons in the brain send signals back down the spinal cord by release of neurotransmitters

Answer 26

modulation

Question 27

NSAID

Answer 27

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 28

work by blocking the production of the substances that trigger the nociceptors in the transduction phase

Answer 28

NSAID