Chapter 16

Question 1

the practice of making the environment and objects free of microorganisms

Answer 1

asepsis

Question 2

the practice of reducing the number of organisms present or reducing the risk for transmission of organisms

Answer 2

medical asepsis

Question 3

the practice of preparing and handling materials in a way that prevents the patients exposure to living microorganisms

Answer 3

surgical asepsis

Question 4

who developed Standard Precautions?

Answer 4

the CDC to facilitate breaking the chain of infection

Question 5

chemical compound that is used on skin or tissue to inhibit the growth of or to eliminate microorganisms

Answer 5

antiseptic

Question 6

poisonous protein produced by certain bacteria

Answer 6

endotoxin

Question 7

what is the recommended ratio of bleach to water?

Answer 7

1:10

Question 8

pathogens

Answer 8

microorganisms that are capable of causing a disease

Question 9

infection

Answer 9

the entry of an infectious agent

Question 10

carrier that transports an infective agent from one host to another

Answer 10

vector

Question 11

what are the 4 stages of infection process

Answer 11

• incubation
• prodrome
• illness
• convalescence

Question 12

causative agent

Answer 12

• any microorganism or biologic agent capable of causing disease
• ex: bacteria viruses, fungi

Question 13

reservoir

Answer 13

• places where microorganisms are found

- ex: infected wounds, human waste

Question 14

portal of exit

Answer 14

the route by which a pathogen leaves the body of its host

Question 15

mode of transfer

Answer 15

• transfer of pathogens

- ex: direct personal contact w/body excretions, fomites

Question 16

portal of entry

Answer 16

pathogens can enter the body through the mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth, trachea, or skin

Question 17

susceptible host

Answer 17

a human host may be susceptible by virtue of age, state of health, or broken skin

Question 18

what is the first line of defense?

Answer 18

• skin

- functions as a protective barrier for underlying tissues

Question 19

chain of infection

Answer 19

• causative agent
• reservoir
• portal of exit
• mode of transfer
• portal of entry
• susceptible host

Question 20

second line of defense?

Answer 20

helps destroy pathogens that escape the first line

Question 21

third line of defense?

Answer 21

immune response( the bodys reaction to substances interpreted as nonself