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NRS 108 > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

1
Q

four main functions of water

A
  • transportation of substances to and from the cells
  • aid heat regulation by providing perspiration
  • assist in maintenance of hydrogen balance in the body
  • serve as a medium for the enzymatic action of digestion
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2
Q

what percent of the body weight is water

A

half of the body

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3
Q

age related decline in body water includes

A
  • diminished thirst sensation
  • decrease in urine concentrating ability of the kidney
  • decrease in effectiveness of antidiuretic hormones (ADH)
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4
Q

what can dehydration cause

A

hypovolemia

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5
Q

excess of fluid volume can cause

A

hypervolemia

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6
Q

minerals or salts that are dissolved in body fluid

A

electrolytes

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7
Q

major electrolytes

A
  • sodium
  • potassium
  • calcium
  • magnesium
  • phosphate
  • chloride
  • bicarbonate
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8
Q

normal range for sodium

A

135-145 mEq/L

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9
Q

range for potassium

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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10
Q

range for calcium

A

8.4-10.6 mg/dL

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11
Q

range for magnesium

A

1.3-2.1 mg/dL

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12
Q

range for phosphate

A

2.7-4.5 mg/dL

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13
Q

range for chloride

A

96-106 mEq/L

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14
Q

range for bicarbonate

A

22-26 mEq/L

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15
Q

function of sodium

A
  • Na+
  • cation of the extracellular fluid
  • regulates water balance
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16
Q

nonelectrolytes

A
  • amino acids
  • glucose
  • fatty acids
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17
Q

red cells

A

erythrocytes

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18
Q

white cells

A

leukocytes

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19
Q

platelets

A

thrombocytes

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20
Q

within the cell

A

intracellular

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21
Q

outside the cell

A

extracellular

22
Q

3 types of extracellular fluid

A
  • intravascular
  • interstitial
  • transcellular
23
Q

removal of water from a tissue

A

dehydration

24
Q

decreased volume of plasma

A

hypovolemia

25
Q

extracellular fluid

A
  • 1/3 of body water
  • transports water, nutrients, oxygen to/from the cell
  • high in sodium content
26
Q

intravascular fluid

A
  • within the blood vessels
  • consists of plasma and fluid w/in blood cells
  • contains large amounts of protein & electrolytes
27
Q

interstitial fluid

A
  • in spaces surrounding the cells

- high in sodium content

28
Q

transcellular fluid

A

-aqueous humor, saliva, pleural, peritoneal

29
Q

intracellular fluid

A
  • 2/3 of body fluid
  • contained w/in the cell walls
  • high in potassium content
30
Q

what moves by diffusion

A
  • glucose
  • oxygen
  • carbon dioxide
  • water
31
Q

signs of overhydration

A
  • weight gain
  • crackles in the lungs
  • slow bounding pulse
  • elevated blood pressure
32
Q

excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid

A

edema

33
Q

excess interstitial fluid is spread throughout the body

A

generalized edema

34
Q

causes of generalized edema

A
  • kidney failure
  • heart failure
  • liver failure
  • hormonal disorders
35
Q

edema that is caused by infection or injury and results in inflammation

A

local edema

36
Q

urine pH

A

4.6-6.8

37
Q

urine of specific gravity

A

1.016-1.022

38
Q

normal pH

A

7.35-7.45

39
Q

a measure of the degree to which a solution is acidic or alkaline

A

pH

40
Q

function on bicarbonate

A

acts as a buffer to neutralize the excess acids in the body

41
Q

3 control mechanisms for pH

A
  • blood buffer system
  • the lungs
  • the urinary system
42
Q

PaCO2

A

35-45

43
Q

HCO3

A

22-26

44
Q

fluids inside the blood vessels

A

intravascular

45
Q

fluids between the blood vessels and the cells

A

interstitial

46
Q

water regulation and balance

A

sodium

47
Q

nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, plasma, acid base balance

A

potassium

48
Q

muscle activity, blood coagulation

A

calcium

49
Q

nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction

A

magnesium

50
Q

ATP production

A

phosphate

51
Q

hydrochloric acid production, acid base balance

A

chloride

52
Q

acid base balance, buffers

A

bicarbonate

NRS 108 (24 decks)

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