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BIOL 3010K > Chapter 3 - Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Tissue Classes

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

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2
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Tissue composed of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces or form glands; serves for protection, secretion, and absorption
(epidermis, inner lining of digestive tract, liver, other glands)

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3
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Tissue with usually more matrix than cell volume; often specialized to support, bind, and protect organs
(tendons & ligaments, cartilage & bone, blood & lymph)

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4
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Tissue containing excitable cells specialized for rapid transmission of information to other cells
(brain, spinal cord, nerves)

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5
Q

Muscular Tissue

A

Tissue composed of elongated, excitable cells specialized for contraction
(skeletal muscle, heart, walls of viscera)

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6
Q

Histological Sections Preparation

A
  • Fixation
  • Section
  • Staining
  • Observation
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7
Q

Planes of Histological Sections

A
  • Longitudnal
  • Transverse
  • Oblique
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8
Q

Histological Smears and Spreads Examples

A
  • Spinal cord
  • Blood
  • Areolar tissue
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9
Q

Epithelial Tissue Characteristics

A
  1. One or more layers
  2. Closely adhered cells = skin
  3. Form surfaces = lines organs
  4. Avascular
  5. Basement membrane
  6. Basal and apical surfaces
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10
Q

Classes of Epithelium

A
  • Simple
  • Pseudostratified
  • Stratified
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11
Q

Epithelial Cell Shapes

A
  • Squamous
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar
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12
Q

Simple Epithelium

A
  • Every cell has contact with basement membrane
  • Simple squamous
  • Simple cuboidal
  • Simple columnar
  • Pseudostratified columnar (Goblet cells)
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13
Q

Stratified Epithelium

A
  • Two or more layers
  • Named by top layer
  • Stratified squamous
  • Stratified cuboidal
  • Stratified columnar
  • Transitional
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14
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A
  • Formation of protective, superficial layers (15-30) of cells
  • Keratinized = tough, resist water
  • Nonkeratinized = resists abrasion, can dry out, (oral cavity, esophagus, anus)
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15
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

A
  • Relatively rare

- Ducts of sweat glands & larger ducts of mammary glands

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16
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A
  • Unusual stratified epithelium
  • Repeated stretching and recoiling without damage
  • Bladder, kidney calyces
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17
Q

Characteristics of Connective Tissue

A
  1. Binding of organs = tendons, ligaments, fat
  2. Support = bone, cartilage
  3. Physical protection = bone, fat
  4. Immune protection = blood, skin, mucous
  5. Movement = bone, cartilage
  6. Storage = bone, fat
  7. Heat production = brown fat
  8. Transportation = blood
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18
Q

Cells of Fibrous Connective Tissue

A
  • Fibroblasts
  • Macrophages
  • Leukocytes
  • Plasma cells
  • Mast cells
  • Adipocytes
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19
Q

Fibroblasts

A

produce fibers and ground substance

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20
Q

Macrophages

A

eat bacteria and debris

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21
Q

Leukocytes

A

WBCs (such as neutrophils and lymphocytes) that help in body defenses

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22
Q

Plasma cell

A

produce antibodies

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23
Q

Mast cells

A

produce heparin and histamine

24
Q

Adipocytes

25
Fibers of Fibrous Connective Tissue
- Collagenous - Reticular - Elastic
26
Collagenous Fibers
tough and flexible (tendons & ligaments)
27
Reticular Fibers
thin collagen fibers (spleen & lymph nodes)
28
Elastic Fibers
stretch & recoil (lungs)
29
Types of Loose Connective Tissue
- Areolar - Reticular - Adipose
30
Areolar Connective Tissue
- loose connective tissue - abundant - binds epithelia to deeper tissue
31
Reticular Connective Tissue
- loose connective tissue - support lymphatic organs - (spleen, liver, & lymph nodes)
32
Adipose Connective Tissue
- loose connective tissue - stores energy - provides protection & insulation
33
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
- highly organized fibers - mainly fibroblasts - tendons & ligaments - elastic tissue (in vocal cords & stabilize vertebrae)
34
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
- random arrangement of fibers - resists stress - most of dermis - protective capsules (liver, kidney, spleen)
35
Cartilage
- chondroblasts - lacunae - chondrocytes - avascular - subtypes: hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
36
Subtypes of Cartilage
1. Hyaline (trachea) 2. Elastic (ears) 3. Fibrocartilage (intervertebral discs)
37
Types of Bone
1. Spongy bone | 2. Compact (dense) bone
38
Spongy Bone
- interior of bones - reduces weight of skeleton - trabeculae - no capillaries or venules
39
Compact (Dense) Bone
- protect, support, & resist stress - parallel osteons * central canal (haversian) * lamellae * osteocytes * canaliculi
40
Fluid Connective Tissue: Blood
- plasma - erythrocytes (RBCs) - leukocytes (WBCs) - platelets
41
Nervous Tissue
- neuroglia (glial) cells = support neurons - neurons = transmit information - parts of neurons = neurosome (body), dendrites (to), axon (away)
42
Muscular Tissue Types
1. Skeletal 2. Cardiac 3. Smooth
43
Skeletal Muscle
- muscle fibers - striations - voluntary - multi-nucleated
44
Cardiac Muscle
- cardiocytes (myocytes) - branched cells - striations - intercalated discs - involuntary
45
Smooth Muscle
- fusiform myocytes - spindle-shaped - non-striated - involuntary
46
Hyperplasia
cell multiplication (embryonic & childhood growth)
47
Hypertrophy
enlargement of cells (fat & skeletal muscle)
48
Neoplasia
tumor development
49
Differentiation
specialization of form or function
50
Metaplasia
change from one tissue to another (e.g. smokers, blacked nasal cavity, vaginal lining)
51
Regeneration
replacement of dead cells
52
Fibrosis
scar tissue development
53
Atrophy
reduction in size or number
54
Necrosis
premature death of cell
55
Infarction
type of necrosis, cut-off blood supply
56
Gangrene
type of necrosis, insufficient blood supply
57
Apoptosis
programmed cell death (e.g. webbed toes/fingers, uterus shrinking)

BIOL 3010K (19 decks)

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