Chapter 3 part 3 Flashcards
collagen
protein that provides a soft framework; makes up bones
calcium
mineral that adds strength and hardness; makes up bones
joint
point at which two or more bones are connected
cartilage
lining that keeps bones from grinding against
each other
ligaments
strong elastic bands of tissue that join bones to other bones
axial skeleton
protects the brain, spinal cord, heart and lungs
appendicular skeleton
attached to the axial skeleton through joints and muscles
upper limb
arms, forearms, wrists, hands, fingers
shoulder girdle
set of bones which connects to the arms on each side
lower limb
hips, legs, thighs, ankles, feet and toes
pelvic girdle
pelvis
pathological fracture
breaks in an area that is weakened by disease such as inherited bone disorders
stress fracture
common among athletes, small crack in the bone caused by overuse and repetitive motions
closed fracture
broken bone doesn’t break the skin
open fracture
the ends of the broken bone tear through the skin, putting the patient at a higher risk for infection
greenstick fracture
the bone bends and cracks instead of breaking into pieces
comminuted fracture
the bone is splintered or crushed into small pieces
spiral fracture
at least one part of the bone has been twisted
oblique fracture
the break occurs at an angle across the bone
transverse fracture
the break occurs straight across the bone
Colles’ fracture
a break of the radius bone close to the wrist that results from a fall onto an outstretched hand
hairline fracture
the bone is broken onto a thin crack, hard to detect on a routine xray
osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease
wear and tear arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
bodys immune system mistakenly attacks the joints with uncontrolled inflammation
psoriatic arthritis
developed autoimmune arthritis from 30% of people that have psoriasis of the skin
systemic lupus erythematosus SLE
joint pain, fatigue, hair loss, sensitivity to light, fever, rash and kidney problems
herniated disk
outer covering of the disk is weakened or torn and the soft inner tissue bulges out
spondylolisthesis
degenerative disorder in which a lumbar vertebra slips forward onto the bone below it
primary bone cancer
malignant tumor that originates in a bone and destroys healthy bone tissue
sarcoma
cancers that start in bone, muscle, connective tissues, blood vessels or fat
