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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 part 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 part 3 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

poster/o

A

back

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2
Q

plasia

A

formation

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3
Q

nosocomial infection

A

acquired in a hospital

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4
Q

idiopathic disease

A

any disease with an unknown cause

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5
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

state of ill health or adverse effect caused by medical treatment; it usually results from a mistake made in treatment, and can also be the fault of a nurse, therapist or pharmacist.
ex chemo

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6
Q

organic disease

A

An organic disease is one that can be validated and quantified through the standardized biological measures known as biomarkers.

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7
Q

inguinal area

A

entire lower area of the abdomen

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8
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete chemical substances into ducts

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9
Q

distal

A

more distant

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10
Q

study of the causes of diseases

A

etiology

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11
Q

functional disorder

A

medical condition that impairs normal functioning of bodily processes that remains largely undetected under examination, dissection or even under a microscope. At the exterior, there is no appearance of abnormality.

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12
Q

waterborne transmission

A

conditions caused by pathogenic micro-organisms that are transmitted in water. These diseases can be spread while bathing, washing, drinking water, or by eating food exposed to contaminated water.

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13
Q

carci

A

cancer

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14
Q

nephrosis

A

abnormal condition in the kidney

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15
Q

peri

A

surrounding

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16
Q

pyelo

A

renal pelvis part of kidney

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17
Q

myco

A

combining form for fungus

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18
Q

myelo

A

spinal cord or bone marrow

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19
Q

neurotomy

A

surgical incision into a nerve

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20
Q

malacia

A

abnormal softening

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21
Q

angio

A

blood vessels

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22
Q

genetic mutation

A

change of the sequence of a DNA molecule can be caused by exposure to radiation or environmental pollution

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23
Q

somatic cell mutation

A

change within the cells of the body that affect the individual but cannot be passed on

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24
Q

gametic cell mutation

A

change within the genes in a gamete that can be passed on to children

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25
Q

genetic engineering

A

manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes

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26
Q

genetic disorder

A

aka hereditary disorder is a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

27
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

a genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems

28
Q

down syndrome

A

a genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease

29
Q

hemophilia

A

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood clotting factor is missing

30
Q

Huntingtons Disease (HD)

A

a genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child with a 50-50 chance of getting it, causes nerve degeneration starting in midlife

31
Q

degeneration

A

worsening condition

32
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement

33
Q

phenylketonuria (pku)

A

a rare genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing

34
Q

tissue

A

a group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions

35
Q

histology

A

microscopic study of the structure, composition and function of tissues

36
Q

hist

A

tissues

37
Q

histologist

A

a non-physician specialist who studies the microscopic structure of tissues

38
Q

epithelial tissue

A

forms a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body

39
Q

epithelium

A

specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes

40
Q

endothelium

A

specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands and organs

41
Q

connective tissues

A

support and connect organs and other body tissues

42
Q

dense connective tissues

A

such as bone and cartilage form the joints and framework of the body

43
Q

adipose tissue

A

aka fat, provides protective padding, insulation and support

44
Q

adip

A

fat

45
Q

ose

A

pertaining to

46
Q

loose connective tissue

A

surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels

47
Q

liquid connective tissues

A

blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body

48
Q

muscle tissues

A

contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax

49
Q

nerve tissue

A

contains cells with specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses

50
Q

aplasia

A

defective development or the congenital absence of an organ or tissue

51
Q

a

A

without

52
Q

plasia

A

formation

53
Q

hypoplasia

A

incomplete development of an organ or tissue, usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

54
Q

anaplasia

A

a change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other

55
Q

ana

A

backward

56
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs

57
Q

hyperplasia

A

enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

58
Q

hypertrophy

A

general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size but not in the number of cells in the tissues, not due to tumor formation

59
Q

gland

A

a group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions

60
Q

secretion

A

substance produced by a gland

61
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body

62
Q

endocrine glands

A

produce hormones, do not have ducts, hormones are secreted directly into the bloostream

63
Q

crine

A

secrete

Medical Terminology (26 decks)

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