Chapter 2 part 3 Flashcards
poster/o
back
plasia
formation
nosocomial infection
acquired in a hospital
idiopathic disease
any disease with an unknown cause
iatrogenic illness
state of ill health or adverse effect caused by medical treatment; it usually results from a mistake made in treatment, and can also be the fault of a nurse, therapist or pharmacist.
ex chemo
organic disease
An organic disease is one that can be validated and quantified through the standardized biological measures known as biomarkers.
inguinal area
entire lower area of the abdomen
exocrine glands
secrete chemical substances into ducts
distal
more distant
study of the causes of diseases
etiology
functional disorder
medical condition that impairs normal functioning of bodily processes that remains largely undetected under examination, dissection or even under a microscope. At the exterior, there is no appearance of abnormality.
waterborne transmission
conditions caused by pathogenic micro-organisms that are transmitted in water. These diseases can be spread while bathing, washing, drinking water, or by eating food exposed to contaminated water.
carci
cancer
nephrosis
abnormal condition in the kidney
peri
surrounding
pyelo
renal pelvis part of kidney
myco
combining form for fungus
myelo
spinal cord or bone marrow
neurotomy
surgical incision into a nerve
malacia
abnormal softening
angio
blood vessels
genetic mutation
change of the sequence of a DNA molecule can be caused by exposure to radiation or environmental pollution
somatic cell mutation
change within the cells of the body that affect the individual but cannot be passed on
gametic cell mutation
change within the genes in a gamete that can be passed on to children
genetic engineering
manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes
genetic disorder
aka hereditary disorder is a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
cystic fibrosis
a genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems
down syndrome
a genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease
hemophilia
a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood clotting factor is missing
Huntingtons Disease (HD)
a genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child with a 50-50 chance of getting it, causes nerve degeneration starting in midlife
degeneration
worsening condition
muscular dystrophy
a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement
phenylketonuria (pku)
a rare genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing
tissue
a group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions
histology
microscopic study of the structure, composition and function of tissues
hist
tissues
histologist
a non-physician specialist who studies the microscopic structure of tissues
epithelial tissue
forms a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body
epithelium
specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes
endothelium
specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands and organs
connective tissues
support and connect organs and other body tissues
dense connective tissues
such as bone and cartilage form the joints and framework of the body
adipose tissue
aka fat, provides protective padding, insulation and support
adip
fat
ose
pertaining to
loose connective tissue
surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels
liquid connective tissues
blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body
muscle tissues
contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax
nerve tissue
contains cells with specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses
aplasia
defective development or the congenital absence of an organ or tissue
a
without
plasia
formation
hypoplasia
incomplete development of an organ or tissue, usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
anaplasia
a change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other
ana
backward
dysplasia
abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs
hyperplasia
enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
hypertrophy
general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size but not in the number of cells in the tissues, not due to tumor formation
gland
a group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions
secretion
substance produced by a gland
exocrine glands
secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body
endocrine glands
produce hormones, do not have ducts, hormones are secreted directly into the bloostream
crine
secrete
